| Transcript |
IN THIS ISSUE:
Condensation of EDWARD HUN
1956 book BRAINWASHING
The Story of Men Who Defied It
What Religion Can Do
To Defeat Communism
Editor's Mail Baiket
DOWN MEMORY LANE
Your October issuC' of Facts Forum
Xetcs brought home old memoriC's. The
article, " elections from the Great PrctC'nse,"
carried .1 picture and short quote
from Dr. \\'lachstm Kulski, Proft'ssor of
International R
0
C'lations at Svracuse UniYersity.
I rem<•ml)('r Dr. Kulski quite w<•ll,
as his first teaching assignml'nt \\as at the
University of Alabama for appro\imatC'ly
five years. As a politic<il science major, I
had the plt•asurc of hadng Dr. Kulski as
my professor for se,·<·ral classes. Both hC'
and ~!rs. Kulski. \l.D. , \\'l'rl' studC'nt
favorites. \!rs. Kulski taught French, and
both shC' and Dr. Kulski spoke s<•wn or
eight languages fluent!'.
His first-hand bum il'dl(e of "chessboard"
diplom.1c·\ r.rnks "·ith that of
Count Sforza and Roucd ... llis n•alistic
outlook, temperl'd "ith diplomacy and
immense integrity. cert.tinly places him
as an outstanding authority on 7'/te Societ
Regime, Com1111111i.1111 in Practice. I look
forward to rl'ading his hook with a great
deal of interest.
As a historian .rnd teaclwr, I commC'nd
you for your mann<'I' of pn•sentation of
controversial nC\\'S. l think, too. that the
documentation in ,1rticks is <'sC'C'llent. I
urge you to continue the policy you have
in informing the AmC'rican public.
Rom:nT .\. Ss11T11, III
20:51) Summ<'n·ille Court
~lobile , ,\Jabama
MORE ABOUT THE PROFESSOR
For the past year I haYc b<•cn a diligent
reader of ) our mag<l/.ill<'. and hav<'
tried to get otll('rs interested in reading
same. The reasons for my doing this ,rnd
for my intense liking of ) om lll•lg<l/.inc is
that it isn't trs mg to cram all\ thing down
our throats. il!lt gl\·<·s both
0
sidt·s of the
picture ,rnd ali<m s <Ill ,1, erage person to
effectiH•ly come to his O\\'ll conclusions.
Last ~onth I submitted thl' name of
one of my former professors, "\\'ladyslaw
Kulski, Professor of lntl'rnational Relations
at SHacuse C'niYersit1," for a
sampll' cop; of your spll'ndid. n1<1g<tzine.
Therefore, \\hen l S<l\\ the excellent
article on page 2.) of your Oc·tober, I CJ:5G,
issue pertaining to lum, l was happily
thrilled. He imprt'5'l'd llH' so gre,1tly during
my four mo11ths as his stud<·11t in
" \\'oriel Politics" (J<utuary-\l,1y, 19)6)
that it g<lH' rn<' .1 gn .. it lift to k110\\ Facts
Forum Xetcs has sccn flt to give him the
mueh-descn·cd r<•sp<'et for his work in
making ,\merica awarl' of the Communist
menace.
~1 \)011 c \HL BUR\K
Ilqs. 32nd .\ir Division
S\TaeusC' _.\F Station
S}racusc 6, :\'cw York
PRAISED AND APPRAISED
Congratulations on your C'xccllent presC'ntations
in thc Octoh<'r issu<' of Farts
Forum Xctcs of "The Great Pretense"
and John C. Cald\\'Pll's pcnetrating
article, "Jkd China l''\ \ 'oleano."
Your October issuc displays once again
the forthrightnC'ss and objectivity that
\Our publication so «xp«rtly <•mploys in
its ,tbl<" and accurate prescnt<ttions of
both sicks of controversi<tl issu«s. Thes«,
I f«el. ar« just a f«w of the many qualities
which haV(' helped Facts Forr1111
X!'tcs develop not only into one of the
most patriotic and informatin• publi<·ations
011 the 11t•wsstand tochl\ . hut also
into an «fkctiv(' instrumcnt ro'r dispelling
apath) and misinformation - two factors
which h,1v1• made obvious inroads into
our country.
HonEnT H1Tc111E
b().', T\\t'nty.first Street, N.W.
\\'ashington 6, D. C.
STRIKING A BLOW
FOR LABOR UNIONS?
In the ~lay issue of Facts Forum
X!'tcs, in thc article "Arc Hight-to-Work
La\\'s Right?" [the '\O "side" contains]
the stat<•m<•nt, "Tll('s<' laws prevent
u11io11s from expanding." This is not so.
They do not pr«vent voluntary expansion.
If labor unions ar<' a good thing, and I
helieYe th«y ar<'. thC'y "ill C'spand by
virtue of th«ir merit as fast as the1 can
organize and assimilat<' Ill'" mc1~bers.
Forcible expansion is slan•ry.
C. J. "' \\TLL
Alst<·ad, :"\ew Hampshire
DOUBTFUL DISPUTATIONS
I h<t\'t' rcad \Ir. Cald"'«ll's int<'resting
articl<• on " Hl'd China - U\; \ 'olcano,"
and go along with him most of the way.
I lo"<·n·r, I h«li<"v<• h<' is \\Tong concerning
Formo"ian restrictions on immigration
and picture taking.
l. Formos<t, du<• to its closc proximity to
lh·d China. must p«rform the du,11 role
of carrying on free C'nterprise, while
serving as a s<•eurit) bastion.
2. Formosans, being well acquainted
"·ith Communists, do not undPresllmatl'
their slyness and triek<'rY :tS
spil's, "'hich is a politieal acktHJ\\ Iccl!(ment
\\(' in the United States cannot
boast of.
3. If people visiting Formosa wish a pictun•
of the government building, thC'11
h) all nwans IPt them buy a post card
- pcrsonalities will not be involved;
n«itlwr will landscape changes.
I. It sc«ms that aggressiveness of free·
t•nt<•rpriw nations who would helP
Formosa has been neutralized by ON
red tape.
C. D. II \HHIS
20i Embrcy DriVO
Dallas, Texas
ADDITIONAL POINTS
REGARDING FLUORIDATION
Your article- on fluoridation in the Sep·
teml)('r issu<• is v<•ry good. The emotions
arous!'d on both sicks of the controversy
make it difficult to arrive at a satisfoctorY
conclusion. Th<'rc are a few points thnt
arC' not m!'ntionC'd in either of the
articles.
The AmC'riC"an ~IC'dical Association
]011r1111/ for 19.'52 through J9,') t C'ont:iinS
m,lll) refc•n'llC<'s to fluoridC's and fluoricl<i·
tio11. Although the A.\l.A. appears to I~
cntireh favorable to fluoridation. certain
of th<;se r<'ferc·ncc•s contain disturbin!(
implications which those who favor the
program ignorl':
l. Tlw Councils of Food and Nutritio11
and Chemistry and Pharmacy, in their
report to the I lous<' of Delegates, "'.'
portl'd that they knew of no ckktcn·
ous dl<-cts from the ingcstion of fluor·
id<• at the recomnwnded level ( 1 Pl"11
approsimat<•I) ) . They had C'Vidcntl)
not investigated with any great cilfC
thos<' in the Soutlm <•st "ho gre" u1;
in localities" h«r« the "·at«r contain!'<!
bt'l" <'C'll I and J .. ) ppm of naltlfi1
fluorid« and "ho lost all their teeth
in th«ir thirties.
2. Following the above, the House 0i
Dt·lt-gal«s euclorsed the principle 0
fluoridation of public watl'r suppJicS/·
\\'h> \\'('I'(' the \\·ords 7irincip/c 0
used, and "hat do they mean?
3. A doctor inquiring about adding flt10;·
(Co11ti11ucd 011 /lll/f.C 5,,)
IN
Tm. I
\\'11\1
A~ II
Al\n:n
I11tcrv
A
Tm· I
P1;1n.ll
LOOK!
!1
I
Ess"
"I
Co11d
L
Ci.""
(
T
F \( 'IS
Sl llS( I
<:o,"'
E
p,
s:
L
F\< p,
Co,11
llo" J
\\'11 \I
l\ "
Co, 11
\\"'I
1'01.1 . I
1'01.1 . (
S1 .oc.,,
-
rise, while
;cquainted
undcresti·
rickcry :is
knowlccl!(·
tcs cannot
vish a pie·
ding, then
, post card
involved;
~cs.
;s of free·
ould help
eel by U1
\HHIS
)fl')' DriVC
.. cxas
n the Sep·
• emotions
ontrovcrsY
atisfaetorY
1oints th:it
·r of the
1ssociation
~ contains
d fltwricb·
cars to he
>n cei1:tin
cli'.sturhin!!
favor the
Nutrition
')'. in their
•gates, re·
l dclctCfl"
11 of fluor·
,I (1 Pl'111
cvidcntb
~real cMC
' W"" ui>
containccl
1f natttn•1
heir teeth
House 0;
inciplc 0
supplicS-
11cip/c of
111?
ling flt1or·
n 1111gc 55)
IN TH IS
Tm Bnm.1' \\'1'G m 1'1 \C >., Editorial b) Zdl Skillcm
Volume 5
Number 12
December
1956
\\"u \T H1.1.1c.10' C" Do -ro D111 u Co\l\!l '1s,1,]. Anthony Marcus
A'\' I hsnmH Pnu un 'T, Anwric:an Churc:hnwn \'isit the Sovit't Union
A:>.ruu< \s Ym Tll ... \!om·: Pnu 1m·s T11v' GcH.o
Intc:rvil'\\ of Tm. Jlo'\Oll\Bl.L Jl111n111r BnO\\'\lLL, Jn.,
Attornl·1·-Gt•neral of the llnitt'cl State's
Tm: l'<l\n 11 TO D1-:srncn, \\fi/lia111 l/('11ry Cha111hcrli11
P BI.IC E" 11y '\o. 2
C ''' 111 D1.n· us '\Jo. I C11 ''"'IC"
Lom..i'c; ,\111 10 '"rn TllL \ \11 111c " Lu.10'
1111!-nww of Thi' lfo11omhll' \\ . C (/)1111) /)1111iC'l, ne" ly-cketc'd
Lq.(ion C >1nmanclt'1
Ess" Co,n ST nm Yot '\G \\n 111c· \'\S
"J lm1 .\mcric:a Can Bt'st Fight Cmnn11111ism"
Co11ck11sation of B11 \!'" \Siii'>.<., 1111 S >01n 01 :\11.' \\'110 D1.n1.n IT,
Ld1rnrd lf1111/cr .
Gt.l\1 PS1· s OJ Booi;s:
( :mrPl.TITI\ 1 Cm :x1s·11." 1., Hod11l'y Ci/her/
T111 \ \11111 '\ 1G11Ts, Boris Sokoloff
F \C ·1 s Fom " '\ Ews Ac:c Ll"rs AIJ\ 1.m 1s1'G
Svnsc 11rn1.11 S1TDY 01 F\C TS Fom" \1.11s
Co, 11 si E'THY B1 ''"s:
Essa) Contl'st
Poll ()uPstions
Slogan .
Ll'l!l rs to till' Editors
F \( JS i-011t \) ""' I. Qt '" 10'.S
Ccl\11 10 1111 Cno". H11ssd/ \lag11irf'
licm llms \'\I) (.1111 s c" El!" ('1111"'" \S Cn rs
\\'1111 '1'111' 111 S1\l'\C: ,\not> l'\l is Fcun"
l\ "" H \l)f() Sl Ill.Ill LES •
Co'1"1 Ht"" \\ ""'<· Li n 1 11s rn rm E1>11 ons
1'01.r. 1\1 si r 1 s r 011 Oc ronu1
Poi 1. (,h 1 """ \\ "" 11s
S1.o<." 1011 1111 \lo""
l'hotu ( .n dih l'.11!1 1). phntm prm 1tlt·d II\ 1'11hli<: Hd.1tio11s Dl'!Mrtnu·nt,
'\.1tio11.d Co1111dl ol tlw Chmdu., ol C:h1i.,t in tlw .S .. \.
2
4
8
10
12
13
14
15
16
18
19
30
31
32
33
18
31
3-!
31
31
3.)
3'5
.')6
.)~
62
63
64
61
61
OFFICIAL Pt:BLIC.\TIO'.\ of Facts Forum. Inc.,
!710 J.1ck,on Stn"f"t, D.111.t' I, Tt•:\,l\. Published
monthly in tlw infrn·\lo,; nl F.l<:h Fontm participants
and otht·rs c:on('t'rlH d "ith di .. 1wlli11J.! puhlic ;.11>athy.
Entrred as c;,t·e<md cla<is nuttt•r at tht• Post Office,
D.tllas, Tc·:x:t<>, undt·r the· \<:t of \larc:h 3, 1879.
Printed in the U.S.A.
BOARD 01· DllUTTORS: Rohc·rt It. Dedman,
Pn·siclent; John L. D.1lc-, Yict•-Pn·o;icknt; \Varren
A. Gilhc•rt, Jr., St•cn·t.u·,·; Joe• '\;hh, Treilsurer;
Mrs. E. P. Lamb<:rlh, \lrs. Su<' \lc:Crnry, Hobert
B. Gossett.
ADVISORY BOA.HO: :\l.1jor ll A. Hnrdey, Chairman;
Dr. Arthur A. Smith, I .loyd E. Skimwr, D.1vid
P. Strit:kler, Harn: J·:. llo.c:it·r. \\"illi.lm '.\·. Blanton,
\fn;. 11. '· H.uS'i<·ll. lr., \fr<,, \\"all.I<.'<' S;Hal.!;r, \V. G.
xn~!~l("s·hi'?~~~ ~:·~~)::.; 1 E:.\ i'i;(. ~:(·ii~ilt,~~d~~-~·~~~:
C<·rwrnl Rob('rt E. \\'ood, llanford \k,i<.h·r, John
\\"ayne.
FACTS F~RU\f is n_ nationwidt' puhlic t'ducation,
ll on::.lll1/,lhon d1·tll«.1frcl In .lron .. int.: public
interest in current t'\E"nh and c..timulatins.? individual
participation in th<~ sh.lping of puhlic policy.
FACTS FOHl'\I is nonprofit and nonpartisan,
supportuu.: no l}('litic.ll <.-.1ndid.1le or party. Facts
Fonim's acli\ itit".; arC' d<•<,igned to prest·nt not just
onC' \il""·· of a C(lnlro\t•n;ial i'i.,neo, hut op1)()sing
\ it-ws. helil'\ in!! th.1t it h tlw ril!ht nnd the ohli.
c:ation of thl' Anwrican 1woplt• thl'm <•lvC's to lcam
all tht• fact-. and conw to th('ir own <.'fmclusions.
FACTS FOHlT\f is unalternhly oppo~wd to the
Communist conspirac~•. and u'<'' ('\'(•ry m<•:rns within
its powt·r to kt·t•p th<• .\merican people nwnre of
the dan~C'rs of C1>mmtrni'im.
SlG\"EJ) \HTICLl·:s .lpJH'!l~ini.t in FACTS
FOHU\f '.\ FWS do not m·ct•:-.sanly n·prcs<'nt the
opinion of the editors.
\! \'\USCRIPTS <uhmitled lo FACTS FORU\I
\"E\\"S 'ihould lw .H:c·omp.u1ird hy st:unped, st·lfaddrh,
ed t'll\ t·lo1)(',. Puhli ... ht•r .l.,,umt•\ no n·~prn1-
.,ihility for n·turn of u11solit:ikd m.inusnipt'i.
Sl.RSCHIPTIO:\" RATFS in thc- tr.S. and U.S.
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('HA.\"GE OF AODRESS: St•nd old nddn•\!ii
( ex.1c .. t1y a' impri11tt•d nn m.lili11i.! l.1!wl of your
<·op~· of th<• m.u!'.Lrill(') 1tnd rww :lddn·'is to F.\CTS
FORU\I '\"E\\·s. D1·p.1rtnwnt (' \ 0 D.llLls 1, Tex.1s.
Plt-.1\t allow thrt•t• "'("1·k for chanl.!;t'O\ <•r.
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~);~)
lo y 0 LI il Ill. U l L i t ll ti C 0 [
Ill l' il ll j ll g [LL l J 0 yo LIS
Christmas
for
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A:-o EDI TORIAL
'eke/ l:. Br"''- 'ken- ~ ~-~ ,iAllni\ f!- O~-'
By ZELL KI LLER"/, E dito r of Facts Forum News
E \ ERYO:\E is talking about peace. The housewife speaks
proudly of her young son in a non-shooting military
service. The man in the street waxes eloquent on peace
as he discusses the merits and shortcomings of public political
figures. Even the two leading candidates in the recent presidential
election made their campaign kickoff speeches primarily
on the subject - with Adlai Stevenson taking as his theme,
'"Freedom, Human \Velfare, and Peace," and Dwight D. Eisenhower
choosing simpli the topic, "Peace."
The free world has even accustomed itself to hearing protest<
ltions of a desire for peace from the leaders of the Communist
world. Khrushchev, Bulganin, and Tito, during the year
just past, have donned smiling masks and traveled hither and
yon in a camp<lign of sweetness and light in order to beguile
the unsuspecting into a false sense of security.
In spite of all the cries of "peace, peace," informed and
thinking people, far from being reassured, realize that though
peace is a noble dream, it is not a present reality.
Actuallv, the Kremlin dechtrcd war on the rest of the world
more than -four decades ago when Lenin set forth the dictum
that the Communist aim was world conquest. The Soviet rulers
have never retracted this goal, but have continued to use it as
their guiding principle. Even during the past few months they
h<we stated that the USSR will give up the goal of world domination
"when shrimps learn to whistle and when iron turns
to wood."
S ince July 26, \\hen the dictator of Egypt, Carnal Abdel
'\asser, nationalized the 103-mile Suez Canal, long used by all
countries as an international waterway, the anxious eyes of the
world have been riveted on the '.1iddlc East.
\ Vith war clouds hovering darkly in this area, the hope of
the world turned to the United Nations ecurity Council. Here
\\~ls a chance for it to show its effectiveness, or lack of itl \Vith
the plan authored by John Foster Dulles and adopted in London
by eighteen of the principal user nations, as a springboard
for negotiation, the Security Council worked desperately to
formuh1te a plan of canal operation acceptable to all the
nations concerned.
It looked as if success were in sight "hen six major points
of agreement \\{'fl' reat·hed in U. Secretary Dag Hammarskjold's
office through private conversations with British
Foreign \ linistcr Seh'l" Llo}d, FrC'nch Foreign \linister Christian
Pineau, and Egyptian Foreign \tinister \fahmoud Fawqi.
However, the deven-ml'mber UN Security Council failed
to endorse the plan for international operation of the canal
because of the vdoes of Soviet Foreign \!inister Dmitri T.
"hepilov and Yugoslav Foreign '.tinister Popovic. To those
already doubtful of any value the United States may have
derived from the millions of American dollars poured out to
Communist Yugosl.tvia, this veto only served to crystallize
their displeasure at the drain on their tax pockets.
Conforming with the usual Communist line, Sh<•pilov st.1ted,
even as he vetoed the Council's endorsement of th<• agn•cment,
that Russia wanted to cooperate in some plan for peaceful
solution of the probl<'m!
\!any people had look<•d hopefully to the peaceful solution
of the Suez problC'm by the United '\ations as an opportunity
for that org<rnization to display world leadership and insure
for itself the prestige which would enable it to preserve peace,
and fulfill the purpose for which it was established. However,
Page 2
Russia again demonstrated to the world th,1t she is a mem b<'r
of the United ations only to ruin its dkctiveness. She does
not want a satisfactory settlement of the Suez cont rovers\, or
for the United ations to be an effective instrum<•nt in an)
other matter of world importance.
The only thing accomplished by the Security Council's con
sideration of the Suez difficulty was the reVC'lation, with al
disguises torn aside, of how the nations of the world art
aligned; with Russia, its satellite bloc, and the "neutrals"" Yu!(Oslavia
and Egypt opposing the majority of the member nations
of thC' United Nations, including the eighteen principal world
powers which objected to nationalization of thC' SuC'z Canal.
E ven the casual observer on the world scene begins to
view the Suez problem as only one furunculous ma11ifC'statio11
of the encompassing malignancy of hate, oppression, and
tyranny. It is obvious that Communist gangsters would corrupl
the whole world by propagating this particular brand of
"peace."
Before these words are printC'd, the smoldering fires of
another tension area in the Middle East may have burst into a
holocaust of war between Israel and the Arab countries. In
such eventuality, is there any doubt that the remainder of the
world would not also become em broi led in the conflict?
Many quasi-informed persons state that we are in no great
danger of war; that Russia does not want an atomic war any
more than does the United States. That brings one to consider
the definition of war! Francis E. Walter, Chairman of the
House Committee on Un-American Activities, states in his
foreword to "Soviet Total War," the latest Symposium published
by his Committee, that "Truly, the Russian masters and
their fanatical followers are engaged in a total war - that is, in
a war on every plane and in every sphere of activity."
Congressman \Valter further states that the more than l!W
contributors to the Symposium, all wPll-known au thorities on
the phase of the subject on which they have written, agrN' in
their conviction that the Communist thrl'at is clearly the
!(reatest danger the free world has ever had to face. Ik writes,
"They unmask its deceits and subterfuges - its relentless psychological,
political, economic, sociological, and military strategi<'
S. Like all reasonable people, tlwse contributors do not desire
war, but only a lasting peace. On the other hand, they are
fully aware that, in hoping for peace, we cannot permit ourselves
to be frozen into extinction as free men ... either we
prC'vcnt the achievement of communism's 'historic mission' -
or we perish."
S ubsequcnt issues of Facts Forum News will bring to itS
readers some of the outstanding articles comprising the above·
mentioned Symposium, just as a number of articles were presented
in past issues from the Committe<•'s prl'vious Symposiurll
<·ntitled "The Great Pretense," in which thirty-nine experts
found that the program outlined at the 20th Communist Congr<•
ss constituted the greatest menace in the <•ntire history of
the world Communist movement.
As we come to another Christmas season, with a situation of
t<•nsion, fc•ar, and anxiety throughout the world, who would
dC'ny that the age-long symbol of tranquillity, the Dove of
Peace, has a broken wing and can no longer soar in unhampC'red
flight through cloudless skies of prospC'rity and good wiJI
among men?
FACTS Fonu,1 ' Ews, Drccml>cr, 1956
\Ve
k•aders,
eircums1
Will
day of our fevfor hani
pursuit
Petr
wrote, ambitio
bani she
Six
penned
merate(
in tech
areas o
Em
nothinp
But,,
about I
a com1
insure
Thi
ninete
light 01
fate by
any of
or sin
that w
Thi
Sible ti
efforts
god Jes:
of the
that til
Comm
the Ire
is app
IVorJd.
IV hen
fled SI
ll'lunisl
Ev
fled (
thougl
of tha
fact, I
freed.
holdin
ChiJdr1
and tc
Of the
In
nists,
sh
in
WI
t/i
ember
• c\Ol'S
rs~, or
In an~
\con
•ith al
·Id art
Yugonations
"·orld
Canal.
~ins to
.~statio11
n, and
corrupt
and of
fires of
t into a
ries. In
r of the
t?
10 great
war any
consider
of the
1 in his
1m pub:
ters and
hat is, in
han J:lO
1rities on
agrC't' in
arly thC'
e \vritcs.
llcss psyry
strate-
10t desire
they are
rmit our~
ither \\·<'
nission'
ng to its
he above·
were prr~
mposiurfl
1c experts
mist Cow
history of
ituatioo of
1]10 would
Dove of
1hampC'rccl
good will
\Ve arc forced to ask not onh our temporal and spiritual
leaders, but ourselves as "ell - . "hat is responsible for this
circumstance? \\'hat is the answer?
\Vith the Christian world preparing to cel<·brate the birthday
of the Prince of Peace, might it not be well for us to calm
our fevered s<'asonal activity and think quiC'tly about our hope
for hannony - to search out the reason for the world's endlcss
pursuit of peace and "hy it forcn•r <•scape's our gr.1sp?
Petrarch, the great Italian pol't of the fourteenth century
wrote, "Five gr<'al encmiC's to pC'acC' inhabit with us: avarice,
ambition, envy, angC'r, and prick. If those enemies were to be
banished, W<' should infallibly C'njoy pC'rpetual peace."
Six centuries have passl'd since the great philosopher
penned those lines. and lhC' c·n<•mies to peace which he enumerated
are still with us. Has, tlH'n, all of man's progress been
in technological and sci<'ntific fil'lds? Jlave "·e failed in those
areas of human lifl' which matt<•r most?
Emerson said, ''"iothing can bring you peacC' but yourself;
nothing can bring you pC'aC<' but tlH' triumph of principles."
B ut, one protests, these are gC'n<•ralities. How does one go
about banishing, on a national or international lPvcl - even on
a community or personal lcvC'I, tllC' "C'nemic•s of peace" and
insure the triumph of right principll's?
The words of anolhC'r grl'al st udenl of social problems, the
nineteenth-century English \\Til<'r john Huskin, shed a little
light on tll<' subject. ITC' slated, "'\To peaec was ever won from
fate by subl<'rfugt• or agreenlC'nt; 110 peace is ever in store for
any of us but that "hich wC' shall win by victory over shame
or sin - victory ovC'r the sin that oppress<'s, as well as ov<'r
that which cor;upts."
Tlwse are indeed sobt•ri11g and rc•vealing words. Is it possible
that our prcsC'nl troubl<-s ma~ bC' du<' in larg<' pmt lo our
efforts at conciliation and agrN'm<•nl with the evil force's of
godless communism, bC'ginning with our diplomatic recognition
of the Soviet r<•gimC' in Novemb<'r, HJ33. and continuing since
that time? Starting with the swe<•ping conc<•ssions made to the
Communists at the T!'llt'ran, Yalta, and Potsdam conferences,
the Iron Curtain h,ts now closed ovC'r 900 million people, which
is approximately thrt'<'-<'ighths of tllC' total population of the
world. Our tks<•rtion of the caus!' of fr<'edom in China, alone,
when we ,1bandoncd Chiang Kai-shck to th<' onslaught of the
Red scourge, brought 600 millions of Chincse into the Comlllunist
orbit.
Even as late as the Geneva Co11f<·n•nt·e the Kremlin and
Red China still dC'cC'ived the world "ith fa ls(' promises. Although
thC'rc arc widely difkring opinions as .to the success
of that Conference, it is not a matter of op1111on, but a sad
fact that all Amcric<tn prison!'rs of war have not yet been
freed. GC'neral \'an Fleet has slal<'<l that tllC' Communists are
holding 100 men of all sPr\'icC's. \lotlwrs, fathC'rs, .wives, and
children of these prisonC'rs co11ti1111<' to suff Pr agonies of gnef
and to plC'ad in vain for our go\'!'n111a•11l to obtain the release
of their loved ones.
In viewing the advance' and th!' dl'ceptim1 of the Commu-nists
one is reminded of the proph<'<"Y of lsamh:
' Their feet run to <'ril, and theu make haste to
shed innocent blood: tlicir t/w11ghls are tlw11ghts of
iniquitu· wasting and d<'slrnction are in tl1l'ir paths. The
wau of ;ieace theu knoic nol; and lhrre is 110 iudgment in
their goings: thcu hare made them crooked vaths:
F'Acrs Fonu:-.1 l\'LWS, Dece111hcr. 19.56
whosoever goeth therein shall not know 11eace
(Isah1h 59:7).
Has tlw United States been inveigled into those paths of
which th<' ancient prophet warned? Have we unwittingly, and
through the betrayal of our country by both convicted and
unapprehPntkd traitors, not only failed in the past to stop the
Communist advance but, in many instances, have we not inckcd
fill!'d tilt' role which ~farxians designed for us while boasting
that capitalism would destroy itself?
W e arc prone to accept precious liberties won b} our forbt•
ars al grmt sacrifice and suffering, civic privil<'g<'s procured
through Jong weary hours of unselfish service, cultural gains
mack slow!} through the centuries, a spiritual inheritance from
God-fC'aring men and women who fC'lt keenly their obligations
to humanity - all these benefits we t,1kc for grantC'd, as if thC'y
had droppC'd into our lives quite by accident and had cost
nothing.
It is impC'raliv!' that we do not accC'pt our wondC'rful legacy
with msual unconcC'rn. Our endo"·ments have bC'en bought
with sacrificial toil and privation, with suffC'ring, tt'ars, and
blood, and the only \\'ay we can repay the counllC'ss men and
women who ll'fl us our heritage is to guard it closC'ly, lo value
it s11prC'nwly, ancl, if need be, to d!'fend it with our very lives.
Words and fC'elings of gratitude are not enough. The patriots
who prcc·<'ckd us started many entcrpriscs they could not finish.
ThC'y cxpt'ded us to carry on. The ground was cleared, the
foundations poured, the plans completed for a ])('auliful building
of fr<•1•dom and peace. Now the previous builders are gone
and if thC' magnificent edifice is to be C'rectC'd, \\C' must do it.
\\'e should accC'pl this task hrawly, C'\'!'n glad!~. saying with
H11pC'rl Brooke, "Now God be thankC'd \\'ho hath matched us
with His hour."
To repair the broken wing of the Dove of Peace, we must
follow the directions of th<' Great Physician. God, by His very
nalurC' of love and mC'rcy, desires pcact' for all mankind and is
anxious lo provide all the good we crave. But as every privii<'
g<' in lif<' carri!'s a corresponding responsibility, peace also
earriC's its prit·<'. This price is not appc•tst'm!'nt or compromise
with evil.
Ile, at Whose birth the heavenly host sang, "Glory to God
in thC' high!'sl, and on earth pcact', good \\'ill toward men"
(Lukc 2: 14) said, "I mmc not to send pC'acC', but a sword"
(1\1att. l0:3-I). Ile would thus havC' us cut oursdvC's asunder
from thC' force's of darknC'ss, and Ile has provided a positive
guidC' for our attainment of peace.
W e m11st of necessity start on the lcv<'l of our pt'rsonal relationships.
Do w<' show Jove, sympathy, and understanding to
nwmhC'rs of our familiC's, to associates in business, to the
strangers whosC' livC's touch ours briefly? Do we strive constantly
lo be constructive; to help instrnd of hinder; to build
rather than dt'slroy? Do \\C carry Christ-like attitucks of forgiven1•
ss and optimism out, beyond our inn<'r circlt>, into the conduct
of C'ommunitv and state affairs? Ar<' \\'e able to sec even
bt'vond tlH' bounciaril's of our O\\'n land and cxll'ncl positive
as~islancC' lo s11ffC'ring people's every" here?
Onlv wlwn \\'C' have clC'ansC'd the inside of the cup, put our
own h1ius!' in orciC'r, and refused lo counlC'nanc<' the godless
forces masquC'rading in Heel robes of pC'acC'ful conquest, will th<'
hrokC'n \\·ing of t lw dove be healed. God recognized our human
frailti<'s and provickd us \\'ilh the ncC'ckd help. Our part is to
acc!'pt llis gift.
For unlo 11s a child is l1om, unto 11s a son is given:
and thi' gocemment shall be upon l1is shoulder: and his
1iame shall be called \Vonderful, Counsellor, the 111ig/1tu
God, th<' ecer/asling Father, the Prince of Peace. Of the
increasi' af his government and peace there shall be 110
end (Isaiah 9:6). Eso
Page 3
}-
The author (at right) is president of the Institute of Foreign Trade. A native
of Russia, he came to this country before World War I, and has since visited
his homeland many times on behalf of leading American corporations. His past
experience with the U. S. Immigration Service, the FBI, and the U. S. Department
of Commerce, further serve to qualify him as an authority on the menace of
communism.
Mr. Marcus helped establish the American Friends of Russian Freedom, which
has set up five rehabilitation centers for Soviet escapees in Western Europe.
The AFRF refugee center at Kaiserslautern, West Germany, is shown above.
OVER the years I have covered a
great deal of territory trying
to tell the storv of the Soviet
godless force out to . destroy everything
Christians and Jews stand for,
against cvcn:thing the Founding Fathers
of this 'country fought and died
for. Among the masses I have always
found a keen interest, an eagerness to
do something to help end the Stalinist
nightmare.
Everywhere people have been asking
me: "What should I, as an i~dividual,
do to help in the fight against
the Communist evil?" In all my
articles and speeches I have made it
a point to make specific recommendations
how to fight that enemy. But I
Page 4
have been feeding water into a sieve.
All my warnings and recommendations
have been soon forgotten. Why?
Because since Stalinism began its
unholy march for world conquest,
there has not come forward a single
man of leadership stature to give all
his time, all his energy, and all his life
to lead the cmsade against the barbarians.
Let me give you an example.
Some time ago I sp1ike before members
of the Hitchcock Memorial
Church in Scarsdale, 'cw York. A few
months ago I was asked to speak there
again. I agreed on condition that they
would have in the audience ten leading
industrial and financial executives
residents of \Vcstchcst<•r County. The;
thought my request very modest; they
were sure they could have twen ty 01
thirty. . g
About a week before the meeur
was to take place I received a tee;
phone message that they could no
m. d uce one of them to come beca' use
1
e
it was the last football game of t 1
season. , of
This is indicative of the tragcd)
our time. They who have mos t '·e1t
stake in the prcs<•nt emergency care
the least. We arc pleasure drunk, ~~
are too much steeped in our . pe to
pastimes to sec what is happening f r
us. We don't want to find out why, 0JJ
example, our taxes arc bordering do
confiscation, why our boys must
FAcrs Font '1 '1:ws, Dccrml1cr, 1956
Views
Histori
of the
in
ta use.
The lca1
lllen of Goe
and denorr
kind's comn
ibility int
entinels of
gainst the
a moral on
remarked i
September
reign, then
Vive. Ther~
between (
Solingen, Wes
Freedom Hou!
the American
<iols of the W
Gt.ithorities one
Present al th<
''ed to Russia
ating in Germ
the Ruman <
~ept rcpeotin!
Postwar Russic
of the F reedon
of the escope1
~nder the Sta
'" revolt. If t
0PP<>rtun1ty ta
Soviet n1ghtm1
they
y or
~tin!(
tek·
not
ausc
the
1~ of
,t at
care
1956
Views conflicting with o portion of this article ore expressed in "An
Historic Precedent" on page 8, which includes excerpts from the report
of the churchmen's delegation to Russia.
garrison dntv all over the world after
victorious -war; we do not care to
find out who the real culprit is.
The time for action, vigorous, comageous,
persistent, and consistent action,
is far too long overdue. There
must come fonvard the crusading
nucleus of men which will swell in
numbers until millions of us arc enrolled
in the service of freedom's
cause.
The leadership must come from
men of Goel, from men of all religions
and denominations united for mankincl's
common good. It is their responibility
in the first place. They are the
entim•ls of morality, and the struggle
against the Soviet menace is primarily
a moral one. As Dr. Daniel A. Poling
remarked in his radio broadcast on
September 18, 195.5: "If Christ shall
reign, then communism cannot survive.
There is and can be no affinity
between Christianity and atheistic
Solingen, West Germany. The latest American
treedom House, established early this year by
the American Friends of Russian Freedom. Officials
of the West Germon government, American
authorities and representatives of the AFRF were
P_tesent at the opening. The speeches were cort1ed
to Russia by the various radio stations opcrGt1ng
in Germany. "This is friendship in action,"
the Russian escapees from Communi!t tyranny
~ept repeating during the exercises.
Postwar Russian escapees in the lounging room
of the Freedom House in Solingen. Note the you th
of the escapees - all of them born and reared
~•der the Stalin regime. The youth of Russia is
'" revolt. If the free world would only toke the
0Pp0rtun1ty to exploit this, the existence of the
Soviet nightmare might be shortened.
I<' >.crs Fom' 'I '\1:ws, December, 1956
communism. Between tllC'se two there
is an impassable gulf. One or the other
must give and go."
\Ve have witnessed the murder and
cnsl:n·ement of millions of men, womC'n,
and children; we h<wc known for
years that the Stalinists had murdered
tens of thousands of men of God like
yourscll'es, and "hat have we dmw
about it? \Vhat meetings have been
hrld in these United States to prott•st
against the outrages? \Vhat protest
marches have been recorded since the
man-made hurricane was let loose by
Lc'nin and his cohorts on NO\·cmher
7, 1917?
l\'o one could h·uthfullv claim lack
of information about the -true state of
affairs behind the Iron Curtain. \\'e
have had hundrrds of thousands of
rscapees in the free world, the li,ing
witnesses of the Soviet infc•rno, and wr
have made Vt'!'\. little use of their
kno'' ledge to lay hare the story "hich
we must know for our own good.
From the very inception Lenin, the
arch-conspirator for world enslavement,
had reminded us time and time
again: "\\'c ha\'e never concealed the
fact that our revolution is only the beginning,
that it will lead to a victorious
ending only then when we shall have
inflamed the whole world with its
revolutionarv fires."
Those pro'nouncemcnts once sounded
like the ravings of a madman. o
one took them seriously. But look
what has happened in .the interim!
One third of the human race under
the bloody rule of the enemy; the
earth drenched with the blood of millions
of men and women resisting
ensla\'ement; the Siberian hmdras fertilized
with the bones of Christian
victims.
Our Diplomatic Bedfellows
The enemy is cunning, determined.
IIe "·orks day and night against us.
A talinist anvwhe1·e in the world is
read} to give i1is lift' at the drop of a
hat if the Communist Partv so orders.
Arc we as zealous about defending
our heritage?
An\'one who entertains the illusion
that ~oexistcnce with e' il Stalinism is
possible or desirable is not intc'lligent
enough to know what is good for his
countr\' or himself. \\'e lrn,·e had coexisten"
ce with the enemy since
'\on'mber, 19:3.'3, "hen we became
diplomatic bedfellows with him. Has
it imprO\·ed our n•lations with the
Kremlin gangstt>rs? On the contrary,
they have worsened.
l ~ 1933 the So,·iets \\WC economically
and industrially impotent. \Vith
our recognition came world-wide prestige.
That was "hat the Communists
wanted more than anything else. It
opened to them unlimited opporhmities
all O\'er the world, for many gov-
ernments followed our example and
extended recognition to the same
power.
"' e failed to realize that whenever
the enemy wants anything badly, and
he certainly wanted recognition very
badly just as the Chinese bandits now
\\·ant it, it is proof that it is going to
benefit him at our expense. Our countrv
became the hunting ground of
m«my thousands of So,·iet spying commissions,
spying on our industries, laboratories,
stealing our priceless technology
acquired at great cost in labor
and monev.
Our saies to the Soviets achially
dropped after recognition. The Kremlin
had gotten what it wanted, and we
learned that all the talk about orders
running into the billions was only a
bait to get us into the trap. A little
country like Cuba has been buying
from us manv times the amount we
ever shipped to Russia, cxccp't for the
war years when we gave away our
substance to help rescue Stalin and his
gangsters from annihilation by Germany
and the Russian peoples.
We Betray Our Allies
All this has helped the enemy to
tighten the noose around the necks of
his enslaved peoples - our only allies
in the world. Khrushchev's goal is the
same as Stalin's ever was. Khrushchev's
crocodile tears at the 20th ongrcss
of the Communist Party last
Fehruarv, shed over the fact that even
lw and his immediate associates never
knew if they would come out alive
from a conference with Stalin, were
cksigned to deceive the Russian peoples,
to deceive the gullible free world.
He and Bulganin and l\likoyan and
.\lolotov and the rest of the camarilla
were Stalin's closest satrnps. They
made Stalin's purges and sadistic
actions possible. And now that their
master is dead they must continue the
same tyranny or he torn to tatters by
their outraged peoples.
Permit me to ask you, is it in our
interest to hobnob with such sadists?
Is it moral to sit with them at the conference
table, knowing in advance that
the\ will never ahidr by their spoken
or ~\'rittcn \\'Ord? \ Vhat have we ever
accomplished by conferring with thrm
in the past? And since our trading with
them, exchanging industrial, scientific,
and educational delegations can only
henrfit tbe enemy, is it not stupid of
us to participate in such exchanges?
I can assure you that had we asked
the Russian peoples, had the President
Page 6
of the United States consulted some
of the thousands of Russian escapees
in our midst and in Europe before
going to Geneva last summer, they
would have begged him not to grace
the Soviet savages with his presence;
they would have pleaded with him
not to trade with them, not to permit
a single Soviet mission to set foot on
American soil, not to exchange scientific
information of any sort. They
would have urged him to chase the
Soviet Embassy spy nest out of this
countrv; to drive the Soviet saboteurs
out of the United 'ations, or ourselves
get out of there.
The Geneva Conference, a fiasco for
us, has worked out just as Khrnshchev
has planned it. The delegation-exchange
epidemic, a by-product of the
Geneva Conference, has been running
riot ever since. Although Molotov torpedoed
the so-called "Geneva spirit,"
his wishes arc being fulfilled to the
limit. He had askc•d for "mutual exchange
of delegations and reciprocal
visits of representatives of industry,
agriculhirc, and trade for the purpose
of exchanging experience' and learning
of the achicvcmC'nts of rC'spC'ctive
countries in these fields .... "
Why not? Our delegations have
nothing to learn from such visits. If
thev have anything worth while for
us,· they will nevC'r let us see or find
out about it. Most of the receptions
are staged for foreigners in order to
brainwash and induce them to brainwash
their home folks. The full story
of how this is being staged has never
been told. Too many of our officials
have been intimidated. For example:
An article of mine on how the Soviets
are stealing our industrial secrets was
first accepted for publication by a
leading iournal and then refused because,
as one of the eel i tors told me
later, "we have been advised by the
State Department not to needle the
Russians."
It is possible that my article giving
the facts how the Soviets arc brain·
washing foreign visitors to give them
false impressions of conditions in Russia
was refused by leading journals
because of fear that it might spoil the
honeymoon with communism ushered
in by the "Geneva Spirit."
But is it not strange that while we
tremble in our shoes about what the
Kremlin might say or do, the enemY
seems to have no fear of us and has
been ncC'dling us not with a pin or ;i
needle hut with bullets - by shootin!Z
down our unarmed planes, blackening
our reputation all over the world, rC'j
fusing to return hundrC'ds of our nav•1
ships lent to them for the prosecution
of a war which ended eleven years
ago? .
I oftC'n wonder if we are still justi·
fled in calling this "the home of the
brave." It is still the land of the free.
thank God. But how long can it re·
main so if wr losC' our courage to fight
for the cause of freedom and justice
and mercy and the dignity of man? .
What is thC' true reason for th1 ~
sorry state? Ignorance, of course.
Ignorance' begets fear, and fear begets
cowardice.
Can men of God afford to permit
In 1953 the American Friends af Russian Freedom were able to start Christmas parties in the_ir
Freedom Houses for Christians who had never been permitted to hove a Christmas celebration il'I
the land of communism. The people behind the Iron Curtain know about these festivities from th•
broadcasts by the Voice of America.
FACTS Fon :11
this ignorar
too late to
tnow what
csounding
\Vhen WC
tor. \ \' e kn<
our roof is
1ng is out o
a honw is t
\\ho know
art. Howe~
bright idea
thurchmen
did not go
to determit
ProjC'ct. Cp
Februan 2
·xchang~. I
son BlakC',
sion:
"You arc
trt'e church
\\ho iiwitc'<
own [r{'P \\
ordC'r of the
out to dt'sti
Cod, and '
h<'arts in A
nee• in Hu
Ind comfo1
lt(•edom a
·hurchmen
·very thing
to or face
,imc is tr)
1eligious 01
Pc•ople hen
to g;ive th
rec thPrc'
ing to cl
Vcrywhen
4 Warnin1
"If you r
1tc to. the I
ausC' of
hold a m1
l\lho)(' WOI
nussia on]
has been d
\!;hen there
1f religion
nitc•d St•
Pie of Ru
'heir strug
1his warni
lain that !
to the enc
erving th
I offc•re1
his associ~
1hcr on ti·
11oseow.
Dr. Bia]
nd allc•g
1ple:
vie ts
,vas
)V a
·be-
! me
' thr
I thr
iving
rain#
them
Rusrnals
I the
1errcl
ewe
t the
nem)
'I h:1s
or :1
oting
ning
·l re·
;,;1val
1ution
years
justi-
1f th<'
[rec.
it re·
I fight
ustice
n?
r this
urse!
)cgets
>crrnit
in th eir
otion i"
rom th•
this ignorance to continue until it is
too late to remedy the situation? I
know what vour answer will be: a
esounding ·o!
\Vhen we are sick, we go to a doctor.
\Vr know to whom to turn when
our roof is leaking, when our plumbing
is out of order, whrn a bridge or
a home is to hr built. \Ve go to those
·~·ho know best thrir b·adc or their
art. However, when som<•one got the
bright idea of sending a delegation of
·hurchmen to Hussia, they apparent]~
did not go to m n of my background
to clctcnnim• the mh isahilitv of the
Project. pon reading in the· press on
Febrnar} 2, 19.56, about the projected
·~change, I wrote to Dr. Eugene Caron
Blake, who was to lead the mision:
''You arc not dealing in Hussia with
rec churchmen like yourselves. Thos<•
~·ho im ite•d vou did ·not do so of their
"\\Tn free• wiil. They have done so by
1rder of the tyrannical, godless regime
out to de•stroy all religions, all men of
Goel, and all else that is dear to our
hearts in \merica .... Your very pres
·nce in Hussia will he rendering aid
•nd comfort to thr bitterest encmv of
fre<•dom and n•ligion. Thr Hus~ian
t·hurchmcn will lie to y011 about
'l'crything in Hussia. They will have
to or face liquidation. The Soviet rcirne
is trying to use you and other
rc•ligious organizations to confuse our
lll'ople here, to enhance their prestige,
o give the impression that religion is
1tee then• but at the same time plotting
to destroy religious institutions
~1·crywherc.
4 Warning Goes Unheeded
"If you really wish to render a sen•cc
to the people of Hussia and to tlw
ause of fre<•dom, you should now
~old a meeting and declare to the
11-ho]p world that you will come to
~llssia only when the So\'ict regime
~as lwe•n destroyed by its own people,
~hen there is the same sort of freedom
1f religion in Hussia as we• have in the
nited States. You will give the pco-
~lc of Hussia inspiration to carry on
1heir struggle until freedom is won. If
1his warning is not hC'<•ded , I am certain
that some clay you "ill rcgrC't it
to the end of your clays. You will he
''!Ying th<' cause of Satan .... "
I offered to sit clown with him and
his associatt'S and enlighten them furher
on the inadvisability of going to
\ foscow. I received a brief reply.
Dr. Blake wrote: "Despite the facts
l11d alkgations, it is the considered
):' "'CTS Fonu:'\r EWS, Drrrmbcr, 1956
Dr. Eugene Carson Blake (second from left ) during his visit ta Moscow with the group of American
clergymen, discusses theology with Russian Orthodox pries ts.
opinion of Christian churchmen that
we ought to have conversations with
othC'rs who profess to follow Jesus
Christ."
If that was all Dr. Blake wantC'd,
then• arc plent)' of Hussian churchmen
right here in th<' nited States. For
the good of America and all Christian
churches he \rnuld have been well
aeh ise•d to confer first" ith the Hussian
Orthodo' churchnwn here'. I can assure
you that he would have heard
from them the same sentiments expre•
ssed in my letter of February 5,
W'56.
\ly counsel, given in good faith,
and on the basis of a lifr-long study
of the SO\ it't menace with manv vears
spent there in the service of ic<~ding
American industrial firms, \\·as ignored,
of course. \\'e ll, the deputation
headC'd hv Dr. Blake• has returned
safeh to· tlw United States. They
calk;l it "a distinct succ<'ss." T. too,
considC'r it a distinct success - hut not
for A mcriea, and not for the Christian
church.
Even Russian Churchmen
Endangered
Tt was a distinct success for the
clever SoviC't propaganda machine
which staged it, which now has rcc
·ordings of the com·ersations lwld and
the answers given by tlw Hussian
churchmen, to he lwld against them
some day, to he used in calling them
"agents of the impt•rialist Americans,
spies and ag<'nts of \ Vall Sb·cet," as
tlwv ha,·c clone in innumerable insta1;
ccs in the rccC'nt past. The SO\ iC't
n•gime did not invite American
churchmc•n lo promote the welfare of
religion in Hussia. They know what
they arc doing, even if some of our
churchmen arc naive enough to think
otherwise.
The nine churchmen's statement declared,
"There is ohviouslv a fundamental
difference hctwcc~ the concept
of the mission of the church as
we found it in the SoviC't nion today
and that which we hold in our
churches." I sav that the only difference
lies in the. fact that here. no government
can tell the Church what its
mission should he, whereas in the
SoYict Union it must toe the Communist
line. how to the wishes of the
Kremlin gangsters or face liquidation
as did their colleagues by the thousands.
'Peace' Where There Is No Peace
In one instance the delegation, I am
happy to record, showed good common
se•nsc whC'n they wrote: "However,
the statements of the church
leaders were almost unifonnlv identical
in making vague aripcals. for 'the
defense of peace' without taking into
consideration the realities of the world
situation or the facts of history."
The reason, however, must be
sought in the ab11osphcre in which our
church members spoke to their colleagues
in Hussia. Those poor souls
were in a trap, under the threat of
death if the) failed to parrot the Party
line laid do\\11 for them by the regime.
The Hussian churchmen know better
than we who is threatening the
peace of the "oriel, "ho is instigating
wars in all parts of the world. And
any time they come to 'isit here they
(Co11ti1111cd 011 page 49)
Page 7
An
Historic
Precedent
is the term u sed by the late Dr. Walter
W. Van Kirk, of the National Council of
Church es, to describe the visit of the
American churchmen to the Soviet Union.
The nine clergymen compri ing this
deputa tion are pictured on the oppo ite page.
WJDt. WOIU.n PHOTO
American Protestant church leaders stand with two Russian
clergymen in front of a massive crocked bell, which fell from
a tower within the Kremlin.
I ' Jt '\E, 1955, the governing general
board of the ational Council
of Churches voted that a widely
representative group of American
church leaders should visit Hussia.
Primarily. the purpose of the visit was
to manifest a spiritual fellowship, to
increase the mutual understanding
between the peoples of the two countries.
and to exchange ideas regarding
the work of churches.
After having planned their visit
almost a \·ear in advance, a nine-man
deputatio~ of American church leaders
flew to ;\loscow in ;\ larch of this
year for a ten-day visit. En route they
made a stop at Prague, where they
were guests of Czech Prot(•stant and
Eastern Orthodox church leaders.
\\'hen the American churchmen
reached \loscow, ;\lctropolitan '\icolai,
in behalf of Patriarch i\lexei, of the
Hussian Orthodox Church, met them
at the airport. ~lost of the talks were
held at the home of the Patriarch,
where the _\mericans met Hussian and
Armenian Orthodox churchmen, Hussian
Baptists, and Lutherans from the
Baltic States.
The deputation was able to make
onh h' o side e'cursions. The\ 'isited
tlH: Orthodox religious c~nter at
Zagorsk, where they met priests in
training. and also visited youth centers
Page 8
and the Cathedral of St. 1 icholas in
Leningrad.
After their return to the United
States, the churchmen made' a joint
statement in which they describt'd
their visit to Hussia as "profitable."
Their complete statement is reprinted
on the following pages, prt'ct'ded by
a portion of their publislwcl report
entitled ••
11 American Churchmen
Visit the Soviet Union"
Excerpts of this report follow: 0
The first of the formal convt'rsations
opened in the 100-year-old Patriarchate,
Tuesday, ;\larch 10, at noon as the
nine American churchmen sat down at
a round-table with \letrnpolitan '\!'icolai
and interpreters. \letropolitan
Xicolai, who directs the foreign affairs
of the Hussian Orthodox Church,
chose to represent alone the Orthodox
Church in the initial session lasting
two hours.
The conversations were continued
thereafter on five dilicrent occasions
at the Patriarchate and the "-lonastery
at Zagorsk. All of the discussion items
suggested in advance by the 'ational
Council's deputation had b('cn accepted
by the Hussian churchmen. It was
agreed that ~lctropolitan Nicolai
would chair the first meeting, anc:
thereafter the chairmanship alternatcc
between the two delegations. [A c~n~pletc
list of religious leaders part1C'j
pating in conversations was includrc
in th(' original report, hut have been
delct('d here to conserve space.]
At the outset of the conversations
Dr. Blake made a general introductoi:1
statement on behalf of the Natio11'
1r
Council's d('putation. In the course i°
his r('marks Dr. Blake referred to tie
action of the General Board in in·
structing its deputation "to extend 011£
greetings in Christ to the leaders 0
the churche.s. in the USSH and It oc
assure them of our r)ra)'ers that t 1
God of righteousness will lcacl thl'
people of the United States ancI thl.'.
Soviet Union into the paths of pe;1cC·
Dr. Blake stressed the church-t1
'.·
church charact('r of the dcputa t ~· on .s
1
mission. "Our mission to you 15 '.1
church mission,'' he said. "It is not ·1
subsidiary supplement to nati0 11 '
1
diplomacy. \Ve comt• without an)' instructions
from our government'. · · ,;
We arc here as churchmen with. t
dedicated loyalty to the risen Chns ·
0Tlw C'Ompletc rtport on lhc nin<'-111 ;1 ~
deputation to Hnssia can b1• obtained fr<11
1 the Office· of Publication and Distrih~1t1°\;
National Council of Churches, 297 J• or,ri,
Ave., 'iw York LO, N. Y. Sing!!' copy 1 ·
C'(·nts.
FACTS Fonu'r "\Jo:ws, DC'cC'm/Jrr, J9.56
In '
J. )
ovl
the
of tl
ar t i~
It is in t:
gospel, an
upon th
nations ti
conversati
~ktrop
similar v1
pleased '
and woul
Russian c
"We spt'<
"basing 1
grounds. I
ical instn
conn·rsat1
between 1
The State
On this
iai spoke
"In 191
from the~
of a Ill'\\'
Church \\
not in h"
The acth
crampl'd I
Church ;
Chrhtian
.1ffairs of I
.1ffairs of
free• of '
State" 01
tional act
contrihul
Church i~
He!igio11 i
C11rric11llll
" II O\\,
rc:ligious
~ncl i11 th<
c11ssions "
day altC'n
t>art of ti
Sunday c•
c11ssio11s
Church.
t>riests to
religious
'TheC
or orpha11
f'Ac-rs Fo
n.
g, ;111d
~rna tcd
A con1-
partici-
1cludrd
c brrn
l
·sations
~uctOJ)
'Htionnl
ursc of
to the
in in·
•nd our
ders of
.ind to
mt thr
ad thC
nd th'.'.
peace·
·ch-totation"
s
.1 is '1
; not ;1
1tion•11
.1n)' init.
...
with ;I
Christ·
In "WHAT RELIGION CAN Do TO DEFEAT co,DTLNI!:>'.\l."
J. Anthony Marcus, noted authority on Russia and the
oviet Communist menace, raises grave questions concerning
the over-all results of "exchange visits" between the peoples
of the United States and the Soviet Republic. Don't miss his
article on page 4 of this i ue.
It is in the context of the Christian
gospel, and the bearing of that gospel
upon the conduct of men and of
nations that we embark upon these
conversations."
Metropolitan icolai responded in a
similar vein. He said he was quite
pleased with Dr. Blake's statement
and would sec to it that each of the
Russian conferees was given a cop).
"\Ve sp('ak as Christians," lw said,
"basin!!; our opinions on Christian
grounds. If you arc here without political
instructions, so also arc we. Our
conversations will forge closer tics
hchn'cn us."
the State of the Churches
On this question \Ictropolitan Nicoiai
spokl' as follows:
'"In l91S the Church was separated
from till' State. This was the beginning
of a Ill'\\ epoch. Up to that time the
Church was connected with the State,
not in hannonv, hut in disharmonv.
The •tctn ities ·of tlw Church wc;·c
cramped thl•reh). For us separation of
Church and State means that the
Christian Church does not mix in tlw
nlfairs of the State, nor the State in the
affairs of the Chureh. The Church is
free of anv financial aid from the
State. Our· churches and our devotional
activities arc paid for by the
contributions of the faithful. The
Church is separated from the school.
neligion is not a subject in the school
t11rriculum.
"IIO\\, then, do children recc'i\C
teligious instruction? ln tlwir homes,
and in the churches where special disc11ssions
arc held, particularly on Sunday
alternoons. Preaching is a regular
Part of the Orthodox serdcc, hut on
S11nday evenings there arc special dis~
llssions on the meaning of the
Church. lkliedng parents can invite
Pric•sts to their homes in order to gi,·e
teligious instruction to children.
'"The Church has no care of invalids
Or orphans or the aged. The State docs
FMTs Fo11L\I Xnvs, December, 1956
this. " 'c do have, howc\'er, a special
dC'partmcnt to care for aged priests
and for widows of priests.
'"\Ve have theological schools. ThC'rC
arc eight seminaries for priests in
towns and villages, and two academics
comparable to your theological colleges
and uni\"C'rsitics. Candidates for
studv in the theological schools come
aftc1: compll'ti ng the SC'c1ila1· schools.
The secular schools h;n c both believers
and unbcliC'vcrs. Those "ho enter
the theological schools arc bclie\'crs,
The number of applicants C'\Cl'ells the
places a\ ailablc. The tlwological
schools prepare pril'Sts. The academics
prepare theologians and teachers, and
engage in theological research.
"On the matter of relations to the
State, the gm crnment has created two
Councils, one on the aITairs of the
Hussian Orthodm; Church, the other
to deal with all other n•ligious bodies.
Both of these Councils arc under the
Council of \I inistl'rs of the• C'SSH.
Tlwrc arc no clerg\ on these Councils.
The) prm ide th~ means for intercourse
bcl\n•en the Church and the
Stale. For example, if a chureh requires
material for new construction
or repairs, the Council arranges for
the proc1m•mcnt of the material at
State prices.
"The Hussian Orthodcr\ Church has
about 20,000 parishes, 35,000 priests,
69 monasteries (including conwnts
for women ). The principk' applying
in the monstcrics is 'ora d lahora' -
prayer and \\·ork. The nuns make cmbroidcn
for H'stmcnts and other items
for tlw . church.
"The Hussian Orthodo\ Church has
a certain number of churches abroad,
Then' is tlw Exarchatc in l\orth _\merica
with about twenty parishes. In
\\'cstc1rn Europe there an• churches
undC'r the Patriarchate in France,
England, Holland, Finland, and elscw
hcre. There arc also Hussian
churches in China.
"The Patriarchate has fiyc dcpart(
Continucd on page 36,
The late Rev Dr. Wal· r\
ter W Van Kirk, Mount l,I
Vernon, N. Y., Execu_
tive Director, Department
of Internal Affairs,
National Council
of Churches.
Rev. Dr. Franklin Clark r\.
Fry, New Rochelle,l/
N. Y ., President of the
United Lutheran Church
of America.
Rt. Rev. Henry Knoxr\_
Sherrill, Greenwich , l/
Conn., presiding Bishop,
ProtHtant Episcopa
I Church (former
President of the Nation
o 1 Council of
Churches).
l'1 Charles Coolidge Par•
\J lin, Englewood, N. J.,
Methodist layman.
μ,
lt
R
flo1r ll"Ould you feel if you
u-ere told that your generation
1rns the ll'orst erer? - going
to the dogs? Can youth's
highest potential be reached if
a " lw n gdog" air is ins ti lletl?
Well - ph ysician , l1 eal thyself!
According to an old
English prorerb, " }'outh and
ll'liite flllper take a ny
i m Jlression."
The YWCA in Washington,
D_ C., is the
locale for this gathering
of page boys and
their dates. Here
Page Bill Maddin of
Pittston. Pa., and Happy
O'Connor of Washington
disploy an intricate
step while other
pages and dates watch
WIDE WORLn PllOTO
Page 10
AE the adults of Anwrica prO\ iding
the necessary examples of
integrity and high principle for
youth to follow? Do our schools allow
needed challt>nge to accomplishment,
teach the pridt> of our fort>hears? Do
standards required of radio and television
provide moral guidance, minimize
C'xamples of degradation?
Perhaps it is time to admit that to a
large degree the morality or immorality
of our youth grows from the seeds
we allow to he planted.
Do you remember your grandmother
(or perhaps it may have b(•en
your aunt) who used to insist to your
mother - " 'ow, :\.lary, you're being
too hard on the lad! Ile's a fine hov,
and you're making him fr•el that he
isn't!" Of course, such words weren't
meant for you, hut, as little pitchers
often will, you managed to hear them.
It made you ft>el good, too, to see the
lo\'c and pride in Grandmother's eye
when she looked in your direction.
"Be sure to take Bohhy with you!"
she'd say to Uncle Bill when he
planned a trip downtown. "\Ve wan~
e\"eryone to know he belongs to us!
That gave a youngster something to
live up to, all right! And through the
years that have rollowed many of your
best efforts have been made because
of the inspiration of that warm light
which news of your accomplishment
would bring to the eyes of someone
dear to you. nprcpossessing though
you may he, it has meant a lot to
know that someone special thinks you
are handsome, and very, very smart.
Hasn't that faith spurred you to
greater heights than you might otherwise
have reached?
Grandmother would not agree that
a whole
should lw
qu<'nts."
"Ar<'n't
dr n?" sh;
been hrou
L"nfortu
such wor
mother to
"juvenile '
tended to
of that SIT
Youth wh<
offense it
all of 'th<
Pranl..s of
Juvenile 1
If Gra1
COrr('ct, n
diildren :1
for crime
been spre:
\Var II, :
With juvt'l
of the hla
J. Edg:
F'BJ, isSU(
Police ofl
Criminal
f11ture wi
srnall unl<
Pccted d
iuvenile t
"The c1
Youth pro
blanws "t
ll"lany pai
rcsponsih
children
tio checl..
he says, i
\Vi.th c
estirnatc•d
011tlook I
F' ACTS Fe
1
e the
: eye
J.
fOUi"
1 he
want
us!"
ng to
i the
your
;a use
light
ment
eone
ough
~t to
; you
fllart.
I tO
ther-that
a whole segment of youth today
should lw classified as "juvenile delinquents."
"Aren't you being hard on the children?"
she would ask. "They haven't
been brought up properly!"
Cnforlunately, there are not enough
such wonderful people as Granclrnothcr
to go around, for the term
"juvenile delinquency" has stuck. Intended
to refer to the illegal actions
of that small 4 per cent of America's
Youth who have known arrest for any
offense, it is too often associated with
all or the charactt•ristically reckless
Pranks of teen-age youth.
Juvenile Crime Breaks All Records
If Grandmother's evaluation was
correct, more and more of America's
children arc being improperly reared,
for crime in the United States has
bct•n spreading since the end of 'Vorlcl
\Var I I, and is breaking all records,
With juvenile criminals receiving most
of the blame.
J. Edgar Hoover, Director of the
FBJ, issues repeated warnings to local
Police officials that the n11mher of
Criminal offenses committed in the
future will make present figures look
small unless there is a large and uncxPcctecl
downturn in the number of
iuvenile delinquents.
"The crime problem is essentially a
l'outh problem," says :t-Ir. Hoover, who
blames "the apathy and failure of too
rnany parents to assume th ir proper
responsibilities." \!any families allow
children to run as they please, with
llo check on their friends. The result,
he says, is a "juvenile jungle."
\\'ith crime costing the country an
estimat<•d . 20 billion a vear, and the
otitlook for more crim~ and higher
FA<Ts Fo11u'1 'EwS, December, 1956
costs, indilfcrencc to the rising crime
rate is detected in many communities.
People arc not aroused to the problem.
The cure will not come, savs :\Ir.
JJoon•r, until the nation gets. its fill
and decides something will have to
he clone.
Thefts of automobiles arc expected
to reach nearly 269,000 this year. In
six out of ten cases, arrest records
prow that the thief is a youth under
18 years of age.
These teen-age criminals also commit
half the burglaries, more than 40
per cent of the larcenies, and a considerable
number of the robberies that
now clog police records. 1
\Ir. Hoover feels that juvenile
crime could be abated if parents were
made lo face legal and financial responsibility
for the criminal acts of
their chi ldren. Ile endorses jail sentences
for "delinquent parents."
While this doctrine is strongly opposed
by most officials who specialize
in work with delinquents, a Parental
Hesponsibility Act put into effect in
\lichigan in :t-Iay, 1953, has achieved
significant improvements.2
:t-lichigan Senator Harold \[. Hyan,
sponsor of the act, was prompted by
tlw idea that if vandalism costs the
parents money, they will take a keener
inlt'l'cst in the whereabouts and activities
of their chiklrc11. This law holds
parents financially responsible up to
$.'300 for juvenile vandalism.a
\Vhen parents suddenly realize that
they will have to "pay the piper" for
Production on full scale
typifies this Junior
Achievement Company
Business firms from all
over the nation sponsor
JA componics in which
the teen-agers receive
a foretaste of the free
enterprise system which
is the backbone of
America.
the dcstructi\'Cness of their children,
they are "forcibly encouraged" to interest
themselves to a greater degree
in the activities of their olfspring.
A familv circle which lacks cohesion
may find· itself strengthened and refined
through this encourageml'nt, as
the results in Michigan would indicate.
Russian Family Life Purged
.\t the same time that . \merica faces
problems of juvenile delinqul'nc~·. its
ideological enemy in the 1.':remlin is
experiencing difficult~ in the training
of youth. Hooligans and delinquents,
according to reports in So' ict nc,,·spapers
arc multi pl~ ing in Hussian
cities. Instead of devoting their lives
to "building socialism," these youths
are found to be living recklcssl~"
According to one Soviet magazine:
It is bad when a child !wars onl' thing
at home and something l'ISl' in thl' school.
Ilis teachers tell him that rain and snow
are due to natural eaus<'S, and at honll' hl'
is told they come from Goel. In school
he hears that lightning is an eledrk discharge,
and at honw lw is told that it is
an arrow of fire sent clown by Cod.
Khrushchev is said to have come to
the conclusion that the trouble lies in
"improper influence" in the home.
Family life has offended - so family
life is now to be purged. Children are
to step directly from the cradle into
(Co11lin11ed 011 page 46)
'U.S. _\'eu.·s & "'orltl Rnmrt, Oc:t. -5, J<-J):fi, Jl. 66.
2Seu:su..:e(·k, April 2, J 956, I>· ~n.
1" \tichiJ,i;an Put., It L'p To Tht· P.in·nh." hy 11.uold
\\"hitman, Reader's Dti.:t ~t, \1.uc:h, 19)6.
Page 11
PRESIDEXT E1sExuowrn's statement
in a September press eonfc•renee
that when the courts call "properly"
on the Attorney-General in segregation
troubles "he will assist in
every way possible,'' formed the central
point of discussion in a recent
Reporters' Roundup interview of
Attorney-General Herbert Brownell,
Jr.
Mr. Brownell, considered one of the
.\dministration's key spokesmen,
served as chairman of the Republican
'\ational Committee from 1944 to
19-16. Born in ebraska in 1904, he
was graduated from the University of
'\ebraska in 1924, and from Yale Law
School in 1927. Entering the practice
of law following graduation, he was
elected to the New York State Legislature
five times from 1932, et seq. The
Attorne\-General is a member of the
.\meric~n Bar Association and the bar
associations of '.'\ew York State and
the City of New York.
Interviewing this prominent guest,
under the moderation of Mr. Robert F.
Hurleigh, veteran commentator of the
:\lutual Broadcasting System, were Mr.
Clark Mollenhoff of the Washington
Bureau of I.oak magazine and Cowles
newspapers, and :\fr. Arthur Sylvester
of the Sctcark News.
:\Ir. Sdvester, opening the questioning,
rt'f~rrcd to President Eisenhow-
Page 12
The Honorable
Herbert Brownell, Jr.
ATTORNEY-GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES
is asked ...
• What is your responsibility in implementing the segregation
decision?
• Were Republican chances in the South hurt through
briefs your office filed in support of desegregation?
• Do you take the position that it is within the right of
the Executive branch to classify anything it w ishes as
confidential?
er's press-conference statement that if
and when the time comes when the
segregation of any district court must
be implemented, it would be more or
less the responsibility of the AttorneyGeneral,
working with the U. S. marshals,
and asked if Mr. Brownell
would outline the procedure which
would be followed.
"\Veil, let me start this way, fr.
Sylvester,'' replied Mr. Brownell: "At
the present time we have one case in
court in which the Department of J ustice
is appearing as 'friend of the
court,' involving the action that was
taken by the Hoxie, Arkansas, Board
of Education, to integrate the grade
schools there. The Board of Education
acted to comply with the Supreme
Court opinion and then, as alleged in
our brief, outsiders came in and disrupted
the orderly handling of the
local situation. As a result, the Board
of Education obtained an injunction
from the Federal Court there to allow
them to go ahead in an orderly way
and conduct an integrated school.
"The court granted that request," he
continued, "and an appeal has been
taken to the Court of Appeals. \Ve are
appearing there to support th(• courageous
action taken hy the local board
of education to operate the schools."
:\fr. Brownell pointed out that in
due course the Federal Court of Ap-peals
will decide whether the action
taken was proper and effective in
supporting the school hoard, and expressed
the opinion that this case may
establish a pattern for other parts of
the country where the school boards
take similar action. As a result, he felt
the action taken by the Federal Court
of Appeals would be watched with
great interest.
"This is the only case of its kind thnt
I know of that is in the federal courts
at the present time," he concluded.
"The President indicated that what
will happen," stressed fr. Sylvester,
"will be that a court will find someone
in contempt and that that person or
persons will he citl•d, following which
action will be taken through the U. S.
marshals. As 1 understand it, Mr.
Brownell, the . S. marshals are in
your department, and arc, as a matter
of fact, responsible to you?"
"Yes," replied the Attorney-Gcnen1l,
"they arc responsible primarily to the
courts, of course, for the enforcement
of the court orders."
"Well, then, how do you implcrncnt
it?" inquired Mr. Sylvester. "How l~~
you plan that the U. S. marshals W1
carry out a court decision on tl1nt
assumption?"
Mr. Brownell opined that this wns
getting into the speculativl' realm, and
(Continurd on 71agc 53)
FACTS Fonu'\t Ews, Drcrm/Jrr, 1956
l'\A
sp
r(';
the powc
destrO\. ,
nor i1; th
extrenw t
free and <
of a man
he might
~rantt•d <I
IVhich fig1
<>f the Fell
tan Hl'pul
There 1
the Unitl'
ratps of ta
the most
\1nerican
'llild hy Il
on income
11loderatl'I
'10,000 .•
income 11
i111s12 as
ican id<'a
Portunity.
tent ta~ r
tlared 11111
P<tssing o
to the 0
Prineiplc
6rrnlv iml
6seai s) st
r.
HES
1gre·
,ugh
·io11?
1t of
1s as
ction
·e in
:l exmaY
•ts of
~ards
e felt
:ourt
with
I th<1t
ourts
.d.
what
~ster,
eone
on or
1hich
u. s.
fr.
·e in
atter
1eral,
1 the
nent
11ent
v do
will
that
By WILLIAM HENRY CHAMBERLIN
LXA'd>Lll IIA\t1Ln>'\ perhaps
spoh• more '' isely than he
realized when he referred to
the power to ta:1. as tlw power to
destrO\ . '\either in I lamilton's lime
nor in the nineteenth centurv were
e~tn•nw la\,ltion lrnrdt•ns imp;,s(•d in
free and ci\ilized countri<'s. The right
of a man to rt'lain the proper!) "hieh
he mi,ght earn or inherit "as taken for
t;rant(•d as om· of the natural rights
IVhic:h figure so large!) in the thinking
,,f the Founding Fathers of th<' \nwril
«tn Ih•puhlic.
There was no g(·m·ral in('Olll(' la\ in
the United Statt•s until 186:2. \ ml the
rates of taxation during the Cidl \\'ar,
the most desperate ('nH•rgenq in
\rnerican history, were unhcli<'vahly
hrild hv modern standards: :3 per cent
011 inc;Jlll('S from $600 to $10,000, and
lltoderatl'I} progressi\'(• rates ahO\'('
10,000. The \\ho](• idea of a tax on
income \\as thrcmn out tlH' \\inclow
itt 1S72 as inconsistent '' ith the \merican
idl'al of unlimited pl'rsonal opPortunity.
\n attl'mpt to It•\ y a :2 pl'r
tent ta\ on incomes in lSfl 1 was dl'tlarl'd
unconstitutiona l. Only after tlw
Passing of the Si\tl'l'nth \ nwndment
to thl' Constitution in J9 L:3 ".is the
Principle of th(• federa l income tax
8rmh imhl'ddl'd in the Unitl'd Statt•s
flscal systt•ni.
F >.c •rs Font " '\ 1 '' s, /Jccc111bcr, 19.56
It was a very thin opening end of
the wedge. The original standard rate
of income tax was 1 per cent, with
('\emptions of $3,000 for single and
$1,000 for married persons. (Of
course, these exemptions are much
higher than they would he at pn•sent,
h('caus(' of the seYcre clepr('ciation in
the purchasing pow('r of the clollar. )
There was a surtax of l p('r cent to 6
per cent on incomes in ('\Cl'SS of
$:20,000 (the cqui\alent of about
$.'5:3,000 at the present tinw ).
Thl•re was a similar cl('velopnwnt in
Cn•at Britain. Only th(' Bo('r \Var, at
the ('ncl of the ,;in('(('enth et•ntt1n ,
brought the income tax up to on(' shiil ing
on the pound ( 5 per C('nt ). Gladstone,
the great lcadl•r of the British
Liberals in the SC'concl half of the
11inl'l('('11lh ecntun , want('d to ,1holish
th(• income ta:1. alt;>gl'l lH'r ancl reclucC'cl
it at one time to twopence on the
pound ( IC'ss than 1 per cent ).
\ otwithstancling \\hat might haYe
Sl'emccl the innocuoush low ra tes
\\ hich \\'('re set after the ·introduction
of income tax in the Llnitcd States,
voices of warn ing wcrl' raised against
the principle of a lcY) which placed
all the earnings of \ nwrican citiz('ns
,it the mercy of politicians, most
of them with the politician's instincti\
·e impulse to spend. Senator Benja-min
Harvey Hill warned that the new
ta\ would .enable the government "to
make all propert} and rights, all states
ancl people. and all liberty and hope,
its playthings in an hour and its 'ietims
fore\ er."
Hepresentati\e \\' illiam Bourke
Cochrane of '\e\\ York dcclarecl in
1894 that "democratic institutions
must perish from the face of thl' earth
if they cannot protect the fruits of
human industn ,,-IH'rcver thev arc, or
in whate,·cr p~oportion they 'may be
held h} the citizens."
Increase of Over 300 to 011e
The fantastic grO\\ th of yield from
the personal income ta\ is illustrated
by one strikin!:( comparison. The nl'w
Jcyy hrou!:(ht in $SO million in the first
year of ib imposition. Current Yield
is · '31.2 billion. Of course, in the i;1tervening
period, population and real
wealth ha,·e grO\\n and the n1luc of
mone1 has clecli1wd. But not in such
steep proportion as mer 300 to one -
tlw relation between the• cutT('nt take
of income tax and what was lcYicd
in 1914.
This increased appropriation by the
State of the fruits of the labor of its
citizens, or subjects, is a world-wide
trend, with one paradoxical e\ecption.
(Conti1111ccl Oil page 40)
Page 13
WTn~· WORl.O PllOTO
The largest radium unit of its kind in America helps fight ca ncer
with the use of 50 grams of radium valued at $1 million. The fourton
machine cost $50,000. Designed by Dr. Fa illa of Columbia University,
standing to the rig ht, the machine is in opera tion at New
York's Roosevel t Hospita l.
DESPITE all the medical progress and research that has
been made to fight cancer, ne\t to heart disease
this dead!) disease is the greatest killer of Americans.
In fact, cancer is usualh much more difficult to
detect than heart ailments. Dt:,eloping slowly at times
from what can he a small, almost unnoticeable sore or
pimple, cancer can strike "ith cl<•adlv effect, sometimes
c•,·cn twenty or thirty years after the ·first appearance of
tlw abnormal area.
The person hearing such a sore or blemish can be in
completely good health otherwise, never having been sick
in his entire life; vet he can sudclenlv be stricken without
warning. The victim might ha,·e he~n able to overcome
this threat at the verv outsC't if he had known of the
danger signs and wan~ings of cancer.
There arc a number of common danger signs which
t'\Crvone would do well to recognize if anv one of them
shou.ld occur. Listed arc scH•n of the most ~ommon things
which a person should always he on guard against:
l. Am sore that docs not lwal.
. ., A iump or thickening, 111 the breast or elsewhere.
3. Gnusual bleeding or discharge.
4. Any change in a wart or mole.
.5. Persistent indigestion or difficulty in swallowing.
6. Persistent hoarseness or cough.
I. An) change in normal bowel movpmcnts.
_\t the first sign of an) of the abovC' s:mptoms, one
should SC'S his famih doctor at once. Cancer is bv no
means incurable. If 'cliagnoscd at this early stage: the
patient stands e,·ery chance of a complete recover> - with
Page 14
Public Enemy
No. 2
" One in four, or over 40 million America11s
now living, are fat ed to have cancer at some
time in their lives !" This ominous warning is
sounded by the American Cancer Society i11
their ammal report to inform, all citizens of
the ever-constant dangers of cancer.
the aid of the family physician. Also, it can be pointed
out that an) one of the above seven signs docs not nece~saril>
inclicatC' cancer. lt is very possible that the persons
ailment ma} be a simplC' cold or case of diarrhea. But at
the same time, to bC' safe, it is advisable for one to consult
his famil) doctor for a thorough examination. This is particularly
important if there is a recurrence of any of the
seven danger signs. ~ l oreovcr, if there is any doubt, one
should revisit his family doctor, to make doubly sure.'
Tlwrc arc no privileged pC'ople who arc exempt froJll
the clanger of cancer, for this disease is often no respecter
of age. Ht•gardless of previous good health, a high standard
of living, excellent food and good shelter, as well as
no signs of hereditary illnesses, eancC'r still assaults and
kills tens of thousands. of new victims each year. The tragic
·J\mtric<m Cancer SociclfJ, Anual Report, 19.55,
A movie camera which ta kes "action pictures" of the
human larynx in na tural color is used in a Boston hos·
pital as a new aid in science's fight aga inst cancer.
FACTS Font''r '\1·:\\'S, Dccc111l1cr, J95(i
revelation
a large l
wouldn't I
affected I
in time./.
third ca1
death.2
How so
can Cane~
"A cancer
is proper!:
in one pla
realize is
rlilfercnt 1
"colonizin
Cancer
place, bu
break aw
lymph VC!
other part
blood stn
place wit!
pain or c
once a ca
or spread
it obviom
not impo5:
down and
On the
covered \1
fined to it
be destroy
lllcnts, or
why the
on the ale
cancer- I
With a
tion, any c
lllon dang
seven alrc
sons belie
specialist ·
detect cai
the contr:
detect ma
Could me:
11se of his
by utilizir
1Vhich he
there is a
Pati nt m
cancerous
administe1
lion.
tel/.Ja/e
There a
doctor m2
tient is be
l\lill ched
trial skin
attention t
caly pate.
......_
'Ibid., p. 11
icans
wme
ng is
ty ill
IS of
ointed
neccs,
rson's
But at
onsult
is par·
of the
1t, on~
sure.
· froJll
pccter
stand·
tell as
:s and
tragic
re,·elations about these deaths is that
a large percentage of these cases
wouldn't have occurred if the persons
affected had seen their physicians
in time. According to statistics, every
third cancer death is a needless
death.2
Ilow soon is "in time"? The American
Cancer Society replies by stating,
"A cancer can usually be cured if it
is properly treated while still gro\\'ing
in one place. What most people do not
realize is that cancers grow in two
different ways - by spreading and by
"colonizing."
Cancer cells start growing in one
place, but sooner or later more will
break away ·and move through the
lymph vessels to a lymph node or to
other parts of the body through the
blood stream. All of this may take
place without the patient feeling any
Pain or discomfort whatsoever. But
once a cancer has started to colonize
Or spread (metastasize) to other parts,
it obviously will be very difficult if
not impossible, for a doctor to track it
down and treat it properly.
On the other hand, if cancer is discovered
while it is still local or confined
to its orginal site, it can usually
be destroyed by radium or X-ray treatments,
or removed by surgery. This is
lvhy the family physician is always
on the alert for any possible signs of
cancer - he knows.
With a thorough physical examination,
any doctor can detect other common
danger signals, in addition to the
even already mentioned. ?>.fany persons
believe that only a highly trained
specialist with elaborate equiment can
detect cancer in its early stages. On
the contrary, any careful doctor can
detect many dilferent conditions that
Could mean cancer simply by making
Ilse of his eyes, ears, and hands, and
by utilizing a few simple instmments
11-hich he has in his office. Then, if
there is any reason to suspect that a
Patient might have cancer or a precancerous
condition, the doctor can
•dminister a more detailed examination.
tell-Tale Signs
There are various ways in which a
doctor may detect cancer when a patient
is being examined. Doubtless he
IVilJ check thoroughly for any abnorlllal
skin conditions, paying speciai
~ttention to moles, warts, lumps, sores,
'Ca)y patches, and old scars. Skin can.....__
(Continued on page 44)
1lbid., p. 11.
'1ws, December, 1956
Babe Didriksan
Zaharias, greatest woman
athlete af all
time, flashes her familiar
victory smile
after winning the
Babe Zaharias Open,
a golf tournament held
in her honor, at
Beaumont, Texas, in
1953. Soon after
this victory, she entered
a Galveston hospital
ta fight a brave but losing
battle against
her most deadly rival
-Cancer.
Willi WOIU.O PllOTO
Cancer Defeats No. I Champion
RECENTLY, cancer claimed the life of its most courageous enemy,
gallant woman athlete, Babe Didrikson Zaharias.
For three long, pain-wracked years, the Babe refused to give up fighting.
Stricken at the age of 39, after becoming the most famous woman
athlete of all time by winning a total of eighty-three golf and tennis
tournament championships in addition to those won in other sports,
Babe's doctors knew that she was a hopeless case almost from the
very start.
\Vhcn the doctors informed her that she must have major surgery in
order to survive, the Babe showed the same indomitable courage that
had characterized her life as a sports champion. \Vhen the first operation
was over, it was discovered that Babe's cancer condition was more
serious than first anticipated. Never complaining once, realizing that she
was facing the most ruthless competition she'd ever known, Babe bravely
submitted to an agonizing series of one operation after another, all to
no avail.
Privately, the top specialists treating her marveled that she was still
ali,•e; but her will to live and fight on upset all their predictions. Even
towards the last, on the morning before she died, she whispered to her
husband, George Zaharias, in ever-constant vigil at her bedside, that
she'd beat cancer yet, that she wouldn't die.
The end finally came to plucky Babe Didrikson Zaharias, but the memory
of her struggle against an enerpy called cancer has inspired us
throughout the world to redouble our efforts to defeat cancer once and
for all. The legend of the Bahe along with that of immortal Damon
Hunyon will be spurred on by additional contributions now to the
Cancer Fund. Aided by public donations, research can be greatly
increased and time shortened in vanquishing cancer. Send donations to
the Babe Zaharias Fund in care of your local American Cancer Society
office.
Page 15
Looking Ahead
With the American Legion
I
THE Honorable W. C. (Dan)
Daniel. newly-el<'ctcd '\Jational
Commander of the American
Legion, interviewed by a panel of \'Cteran
newsmen on a recent Hcporters'
Hounclup program, reiterated the dedication
of his administration to the
elimination of subversive clements
which are attempting to destroy
America's freedom, a dedication
voiced in his acceptance speech.
Commander Daniel is an executive
of the Dan Hiver Textile \!ills in his
home town of Danville, Virginia. Having
held numerous Legion posts on
local. state, and national levels, :\Ir.
Daniel was in 19.52 chosen ;\'atiohal
\'ice-Commander of the American
Legion. Having been a member of this
organization for twelve years, :\Ir.
Daniel has been mention<'d at the past
three national conventions as a nomi-
1wc for '\alional Commander.
During the interview questions
were fired at :\Ir. Daniel by a panel
of reporters made up of :\Jr. L. Edgar
Prina. 'Vasliington Er.;rning Star. and
,\Ir. Jim Lucas, Scripps-Howard news-
Page 16
"Marching orders" for the coming year issued at the recent National Con·
vention of the American Legion assure a continuation of that organization's
strong anti-Communist position. Interviewed on Reporters' Roundup, the
newly-elected National Commander of the American Legion, The Honorable
W. C. (Dan) Daniel, pledges full support to the convention's mandates.
papers, under the moderation of :\Ir.
Hobert F. Hurleigh, director of \Vashington
operations of the :\lutual
Broadcasting System.
"Can you tell us, Commander Daniel,"
asked \Jr. Prina, "just what y0u
propose doing about the elimination
of subversion mentioned in your acceptance
speech?"
"It's no secret, of course, that our
government and other institutions
have been infiltrated from time to
time by subversive elements," J\lr.
Daniel replied. "The present line of
the Communist Part), of course, is
peaceful competitive coexistence. This
line, of course, is being put forth h}
the Communists in an effort to lull
the American peoplt• into a sense of
false security, and it would be our
purpose to go after those elements,
wherever they appear, with every
medium at our command."
"\Yell, for instance, taking the recent
Supreme Court decision, which
in effect limited the government's
employee-security program to scnsiti\
C jobs," inquired \Ir. Prina, "do you
think that that decision weakened or
strengthened our internal security?'' .
.\Ir. Daniel's opinion was that this
decision had unquestionably weak·
encd the national security. The
Legion, he felt, would first ask what
constitutes a "sensitive" job.
"So far as we arc concerned," he
explained, "all government jobs arc
sensitive jobs."
"Mr. Daniel, I think the Legion has
called for a congressional investiga·
tion of tlw Fund for the Republic.
hasn't it?" asked J\lr. Lucas. "What do
you feel could he accomplished by
such an investigation?"
"Well, ~Ir. Lucas, we look upon th~
Fund for the Republic as an anti-~1nt1 •
Communist organization," replied \Ir
Daniel. "\Vc've never accused thC
Fund for thC' Hepublic of being f
Communist organization, or even °
being dominated by Communists. Bt'.t
we do feel that they arc an anti-anU·
Communist organization. In oth~f
words, it seems that their purpose 1
' . 1t
to be against thosr who arc again
communism."
FACTS Fonr'r '\Jn\·s, Drcrml1cr, ]956
" . • • a
"It WOl
thcv can·•
I think .
might cit,
sylvania.
R.cpuhlic
library hi
rmploy<'
Amenrlm1
vestigativ
that that
L: nited St
\Ir. L1
Daniel c1
niu nis t I
\!;roup.
"\\'('II,
to thc .. sr
ganda, r
"\fr. D
Who too
Pointed <
Your opi1
the l<'ifth
their corn
that tlw
should IH
Why Hid
"I do n
ing in th1
States, b1
to hide,
should t~
in our C<
flowevr
shouldn't
thrm."
AskPcl
lnti-com
PrPssccl t
to sa\ "
take i)osi
h<· agree<
Pcfn<'ss," '
Prettv cl
Yo;ir p
P1111cl fo~
evil," n·m
So chara
Ir. D
I Con·
Jtion's
>, the
>rable
dates.
icd or
ty?"
~t this
weak·
ThC
; what
cl," he
os are
on has
esti!ZW
1ubJiC.
hat do
ed b)
on the
ti-;lllti·
~d \Jr.
' cl thC
~in!Z 3
ven of
ts. )3ot
ti-anti·
other
pose is
lgainst
" ••. a Communist is a Communist, whether he lives
in Belgrade, in Moscow, or whether he
lives in Danville, Virginia, or Washington, D. C."
says .
"How far do you think thl'\ earn
their anti-anti~communism?" \I~.
Lucas inquired.
"It would be difficult to sav how far
they carry it," replied ~Ir. D,{niel, "hut
I think a specific e'\amplc that I
might cite is the library case in P<•nnsylvania.
There the Fund for the
R.epuhlie made a $5,000 grant to a
library ])('cause th<'} refused to fin• an
rmploy<'c who had taken the Fifth
\menrlnl<'nt ])('for<' a congr<'~sional investigatin•
h()(h. \\ <' clo not b<•li<·,·e
that that is in th<' lwst inll'n•st of the
United States."
\Ir. l ucas inquired whcthl'r \Ir.
Daniel eonsidl'red an anti-anti-Communist
organization a suhn•rsin•
group.
"Wcll, it C<'rtainh would ll'nd itsl'lf
to the spread of Communist propaganda,"
replied Mr. Daniel.
"\Ir. Daniel, you cited this woman
Who took the Fifth Amendment."
Pointed out ~Ir. Prina, asking, "Ts it
Your opinion that anyone who takes
the °Fifth Amendment, who relics on
their constitutional rights, is a person
that the L<•gion and other '\nwrieans
should havl' nothing to do with?"
Why Hide Behind the Fifth?
"I do not ])(')il'V<' that th<') are acting
in the best interest of the nited
States, hccausc if they han• nothing
to hide, I sec no n•ason why they
should take advantage of that elause
in our Constitution," said \Ir. Danicl.
"fiowen•r, I wouldn't sa\ that \\('
shouldn't han• an\ thing io do "ith
them." ·
.\sJ..ccl what hl' [cit inspin•d antianti-
cornmunism, \Ir. Danil•I l'~
Prcssecl th<• opinion that it is clifficult
lo say what moti\ates indidduals to
lakt• iJositions on any issue, altho11gh
hp agreed that thl' tcrm "fuzzy-mindrc]
n<•ss, · snggl'st<"cl h) \Ir. Lueas, was
Pretty dl'S<Tiptive.
Your pr('d<'<'<'ssor eharadl•rin•cl thl'
P1111d for th(' lfrpu hlic as a for('(' for
~vii," remindl'd \Ir. Prina. "\\'ould you
Sri characlt•rize it?"
Ir Da11i(•I agn•('d that h<• l'('rtainly
r.· ... <'I s Fom \I '\I \\ s. Dcce111l1cr, 19.56
would. Ile added that the Fund for
the Hepublic is not only soft on communism,
but, in his opinion, promotes
the Communist conspiracy in this
C'011ntn.
"Jn °othcr words," interpreted \Ir.
Prina, "you don't agree with Paul
I Ioffman, Chairman of the Board for
the Fund, who said that it was conceived
as a weapon against communism?"
fund Job Pleases Soviets
" o," replied Ir. Daniel, "and I
think good proof of that is the fact
that just yesterday an item came to my
att(•ntion which was published in one
of the official publications of the
Sovict Union, International Affairs, in
"hieh they said, among other things,
that the Fund for the Republic - and
they mentioned Mr. Robert Maynard
Hutchins - had done an outstanding
job in the protection of civil liberties.
"I don't know exactly what they
mean by 'an outstanding job,'" be
continued, "but I would assume they
meant a good job for the Communists.
Ccrtainly I don't think this Communist
publication would praise them if
they were doing a good job for
\ 111erica."
\Ir. Prina referred to \ Ir. Hutchins'
statl'ml'nt some time after the Legion
began nJtacking the Fund regarding
"hystl'rical misrepresentation against
the Fund by a few individuals and
groups whose vociferousness exceeds
their influence and intelligenc<'."
"Do ,·ou have an\ eomnwnt on
that?" h.e inquired. ·
In replying, \Ir. Daniel pointed out
that tlw Ameriean Legion comprises a
cross-section of the nation's pop11lat1011,
including some three million
nwmhl'rs, and that tlwir all\ilian is
a million-member organization. ·
"Tht• Legion's charg<'S made against
the Fund for the Hepuhlic W<'l'l' substantiatl'd
and approved by the \ml'riea11
Ll'gion Convention," he pointed
out, "as well as by their Eweuth e
Committee. I do not helien- \Ir.
11 uchins proper!) characterized those
Legion Commander W. C. Doniel
who took these actions."
"Commander Daniel, I seem to recall
that your service in the :"l!avy in
\Vorl<l \Var II was of very brief duration,"
mentioned ~Ir. Lucas. "As a
matter of fact, that it was about
eighty-eight <lays. Isn't it rather
strange that a veterans' organization
the size of the -\merican Legion would
choose as its national leader a man
with so brief a service in the military?"
"I don't think so, ~Ir. Lucas,'' :\Ir.
Daniel replied, "if you consider the
nature and makeup of the organization.
Time magazine quoted that statement,
I believe, and as is characteristic
of many of their quotations, they
were a little on the liberal side. As a
matter of fact, I only served sixtyseven
<lays in the aimed forces.
"I was very proud, frankly, of those
si\t)-seven <lays," he continued, "beeause
I \\·as not blessed with such
good health at that time, and after
fi, e attempts to enlist in all branches
of the service I was finally selected
and sent out to the aval Training
Station at Great Lakes. However,
American Legion membership is not
contingent upon an) specific length of
service. \Ve arc chartered by the Congress
of the U. S., and the on!) qualification
necessary is that a man must
han' served at least a day during the
period of national cmcrg<'ncy in a
shooting war."
~fr. Daniel also point<'d out that
there had been some r<'ports that the
\mcrican Legion is a S<'lfish organization
in that many of their programs
arc promoted for selfish interests. He
stressed that under no condition
(Continued on page 42)
Page 17
I
Be in the "Nick" of Time
to enter the
FACTS FORUM NEWS
ESSAY CONTEST
ON
"How America Can Best
Fight Communism"
Join the Christmas Rush
Contest Closes Midnight, December 1 S
CONTEST RULES
*ANYONE FROM AGE 14 THROUGH 18 MAY ENTER
1. The essay muse be written on the subject "llOW AMERICA
CAN BEST FIGHT COMMUNISM."
2. The essay may be handwritten or typed on standard size white
theme or t) ping paper. Enter your printed name and address
on the top of each page and number the pages. It is suggested
that no more than 1500 words be used in the essay. You may
submic more chan one entry; howe\-er, each encry muH be
accompanied by an entry blank.
3. Essa)·s will be judged on logic and prese11tatio11.
4. Essais should be mailed as soon as completed to FACT
FORUM, I C., Dept. E. C., 17 10 Jackson t., Dallas I, Texas.
All Entries Must Be Postmarked Prior to Midnight, December 15
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This will certify that I persona lly composed the
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Page 18
E
·····
--
he
Bl\AlNWASBlNO
TllE sTOR'f 01' MEN
WllO DEl'lEl> lT
INTRODUCTION
Edward Hunter, a native of New York, has based this excellent book
upon thirty years' experience in writing, editing, gathering pertinent
facts in remote places, frequently far off the main-traveled roads.
Thoroughly al home in Japan, China, and Manchuria, he wrote, in
the early 1930's, the only accounts of the massacres of Manchurian vi llages
which were incorporated into the records of United Nations. He
later covered the Italian conquest of Ethiopia, then the Civil War in
Spain. From Pearl Harbor to V-J Day, he served with U. S. forces in the
China-Burma -India theatre. Since then, he ha s fo llowed the news as it
happened in Korea, Hong-Kong, Singapore, and elsewhere; is currently
studying the si tuation in Afghanistan.
Mr. Hu nter's analysis of the almost incredible phenomenon of "brainwashing" is regarded
by ma ny American leaders as being of d ecisive importance to our survival. At the co nclusion
of his testimony befo re the McCle llan Committee in J une, 1956, Senator McClellan commented:
"I am sure your books and your writings and your experience will be very valuable if we can
get all that befo re the American people."
BRAINWASHING
A CO ND ENS A TI O N
THE new word braimrnshing entered our minds and
dictionaries in a phenomenally short time. This sinister
political expression had never been seen in
print anywhere until a few years ago.
The reason the word was picked up so quickly was
that it was not just a clever synonym for something
already known, but described a strategy that yet had no
name. A vacuum in language existed: No word tied
together the various tactics that make up the process b)
which the Communists expected to create their "new
Soviet man."
The words came out of the sufferings of the Chinese
people. Put under a terrifying combination of subtle and
crude mental and physical pressures and torhITes, they
detected a pattern and called it brainu:ashing. The Reds
wanted people to lwlieve that it could be amply described
by some familiar expression such as education, public relations,
pers1wsion - or by some misleading term like mind
reform and re-education. 'one of these could define it.
The Chinese knew they hadn't just been re-educated or
persuaded. Something much more dire had been perpetrated
on them, similar in many ways to a medical treatment;
more like witchcraft.
The Communist hierarchy preferred people to belie,·e
that there was no such thing as brainwashing. As long as
they could keep it concealed, without a name, opposition
could be kept scattered and ine£Fective. Dr. :\kerlo, a
psychiatrist, coined the word menticide - murder of the
mind - for this atrocious quack science deYised by the
Reds to bring about the Yoluntary submission of people
to unthinking discipline and rohotlike enslavement; but
the popular word remained l>raimcashing.
After the exchange of prisoners of war in Korea, I was
Page 20
asked a number of times by repatriates, now sadder an~!
wiser, "\Vhy wasn't I told? If J had only been told, I don t
believe it could have happened to ml>."
\ ly first acquaintance with brainwashing came froJll
Chinese who had undergone it on the main land. The)
were of all occupations, from merchant to teacher, and
included some women. I remember one \\hite man comint!
out of China, who seemed to S\mholize them all. A Catholic
priest, he walked feebly, l;is t•yes staring ahead "ith
frightful intensity. Ile looked much older than his middle
age. Ile could not grasp the fact that he was finally Otlt
of reach of the brainwaslwrs. Ile just stood and starl'd·
Suddenly, realization broke through - he was in a frcC
world. He took a few steps, sat down, and burst into tcn rs.
'one of these white people, and few of the Chinese.
would speak to the press during that rarly period. The
Heels threatened to punish and even kill the closest associates
of any man who broke the hush-hush. Before lca,•int!
Heel China, each person had to dcsignatl' a hostage "ho
would sign a guarantee for him. "Please do not talk: in~.
life is dependent on it," such persons would beg of thcll
departing friends.
This was not the first time the Communists had been
able to keep a dead ly secret from the free world. T!1c
existence of tremendous slave-labor camps in the So'"1'.:
Union was kept hidden for manv years. Begun as far Jwc
as 1920, a quarter-century and \Vorlcl War II were to p•1''
before these gained fairly widr knowll•dgl'. Yet ten to
t\\ enty million people at a time were in these forced-labor
camps. Untold millions perished under bestial treattllcnt
and merciless overwork. . k
The secret police had a simple ml'lhocl. The} could pit
up a prospective employee unckr any one of numcro1
"
FACTS Font \I >\Fws, Dcccmhcr, J9:5b
'\ormi
barbariti
these V<1
brainwa
Comm
secret b,
an isolat1
Lnion. II
another
Chinese
began to
ncr as a
'ccurity
n a tn
uarded
6ut thro1
A year
lrom the
1vho had
seen son
left the 1
<lfterwar(
of analyz
was the
another l
interYiew
hrainwas
Europe.
sponded
the stratl
America
The fn
Commun
ICorea. B
those of 1
UN fore<
language
carry pur
rncnts sai
Port of w
llism was
to boast
had deci<
to their 1
released
\\lashed t
they said
had been
Civilians i
had sulfc1
The An
· ever be:
United S
living tha
extremely
supposed!
American
ter and n
their own
.... hy }'Ol
er and
[don't
I froJll
The~
r, ;u1d
ion1inf!
Cath-
1 \\ ith
niddk
Iv out
;tared.
a free
1 tears.
iinesc.
I. The
t ;isso~
·1,·in~
~·"ho
k: 111'
f their
]Jccn
I. The
Sod et
r h<tC~
o pn's
ten to
-labor
1tn1cnt
regulations that allowed them to arrC'st anyone', put him
on trial, and sentence him to any work camp, without
publicity. If the individual objected, they could put on
the brainwashing screws and exact a confession.
:\ormal people in the free world refused to beliC've such
barbaritiC's. \Vhat is scarcely appreciated even yet is that
these vast slave establishmC'nts are a vital part of the
brainwashing strategy.
Communist Russia was able to keep brainwashing
secret by its thorough control of information, which made
an isolated island out of every man and office in the Soviet
Union. o individual or bureau dared communicate with
another except through approved channels. \Vhen the
Chinese mainland fell to the Communists, brainwashing
began to he employed in a slipshod and roughhouse manner
as a national policy against the whole' population.
ecurity was sacrificed in this reckless, unskilled use of it
on a tremendous scale. The secret that Moscow had
uardcd successfully at its front door in Emopc slippPd
Ont through the back door in China.
A year or so after I began hearing about brainwashing
om the Chinese, I began to discuss it with white people'
who had gone through the process in Red China. I had
seen some brainwashed Americans briefly after they had
left the mainland; then again, perhaps more than a year
afterward, at home in America. They were' now capable
of analyzing what had happened to them. \Vhat struck me
Was the similarity of their C'xpericnccs, not only to one
another hut to that of the Chinese whom I had previous!)
interviewed. Later I met people who had gone through
brainwashing in the Communist satellite countries of
Europe. Except for the change in locale, details concspondcd
exactly. There was no doubt about the pattern;
the strategy was the same everywhere.
America Is Alerted
The free world began to hear strange reports from the
Communist-operated prisoner-of-war camps in 'orth
Korea. Broadcasts were heard in voices recognized a
those of normal young men in American, British, and other
UN forces. The voices belonged to these men, but the
language did not. Pro-Communist publications began to
tarry purported confessions and grotesquely-worded statements
said to have been signed by these soldiers in supPort
of whatever propaganda appeal international communism
was making at the moment. Peking went on the air
to boast that a group of UN soldiers, mostly American,
had decided to remain inside the Red orbit, not go hack
to their respective lands. This, and statements made hy
released p.o.w.'s revealing how they had been brain-
1vashed, tore the lid olf, forced facts into the open. \Vhat
they said was exactly the same, detail for detail, as what
had been related to me by Chinese civilians, b: white
~ivilians in China, and by \mericans and Europeans "ho
~ad suffered the same atrocities in Eastern Europe.
The American public had reason for alarm and shock.
\:ever before had the citizens of a rich land such as the
United States, bcneficiariC's of the highest standard of
living that the earth had eV('r seen, elected to stay in an
e)(tremely backward, dreadfully impoverished cm1ntr},
Supposedly out of prcfC'rence for its way of life. It led the
American people to self-examination of thC'ir own charnct~
r and moral defenses. The unbridlt'd denunciation oJ
their own eountr} - obviously manufactured and parroted
h) young Americans \\horn the Reds had carefull}
Ews, December, 1956
Dr. Ivon Petrovich
Pavlov ( 1849-1936),
Russian physiologist,
whose laboratory experi~
ments on dogs were
appropriated by Lenin,
Stalin, & Co., in
attempts to create the
"new Soviet man."
\\ID£ \\: om.n PHOTO
pick<•d from widely separate parts of the United tales,
shockt'd till' public out of lethargy.
Tll('se young expatriates spoke and acted as if under
hypnotic spell. The information I had been gathering con-
1 inced me that some form of mass hypnosis was part of
tht' lkd techniqu<'.
L met many llll'n 11 ho had stood up marvelously against
<''l.Cl'edingh tough blo1,s and had surdwtl honorablv.
They fre~11;ently. seenwd at a loss to explain how they h;d
done it. Simple, dm1 n-to-earth truths had been their pillars
of strength. The fundamental facts "ere the same, whether
relatt'd by a cidlian or bv a soldier from China or Korea
or by s01{1C'one from East. Europe.
.\ly research brought me into contact with some of the
14,000 Chines<' in tlw l·nited :\'ations' p.o.w. camps who
steadil) refused repah·iation to Hed China. These stalwart
soldiers had succeeded in one of the strangest, most
heroic struggles for freedom the world had ever witnessed.
They had pitted themselvC's, with only their desperation
to support them, against the most cunning and rigorous
pressures that obdurate minds could dc\'ise to force them
back into the C'mbraee of communism.
To be successful, brainwashing depends fundamentally
on the subject's ignorance of it. \Vhcn understood, the
wcm.t that the Heel laboratories can produeC' may be
thwarted hv the character of the free man. \Vhen techniques
of ·Communist brainwashing become common
knoll'ledge, the system 11 ill either be shattered completely
or made so difficult and costly to the Hcds that the game
1' ill hard I) be worth the candle.
Man and Dog
h an Pl'tro\ich Padov, eminent Hussian physiologist,
p<'rformed interesting e\periments 1\ ith dogs. Ile con('('
i1ed of physiology as mankind's Sl'n ant, not its master.
His pu11)0Sl', he al11ays insisted, 11 as to discowr basic laws
in physiology 11hich \\ ould lwlp medical science heal the
afllictions of the human body and work toward the avoidan('
e ol mental disorders. 1\'~thing he ever said indicated
that he entertained any such hideous concept as mind
('Olltroi.
.\JoscO\\ academics' reports repeatedly insisted that
Pado1 had intended his "strictly objective method of
inwstigation" to be applied to man as well as to beast.
H<•garding Pavlov's experiments, "there is a growing appre-
Page 21
I
)
This picture, from an official Chinese Communist
news service, was published by "The
Daily Worker" in London, with caption: "The
first botch of American prisoners marches
through the streets of Pyongyang, principal
town in North Korea."
ciation of their value to the science
of dialectical materialism." The
doctor's clinic here becomes the
politician's study!
Conditioned, in Pavlov's experiments,
meant "induced by man, or
by outside influences." By unconditioned,
he meant "natural," or "instincti\'
e," such as the eye's involuntary
blinking when an insect Ries
close to it. Conditioned-reflex
action can be brought about deliberately;
this is what the Communist
hierarchy now relics on to make a
basic change in human nature, to
give birth to the "new Soviet man"
in whom the concept of the individual "I" is to be replaced
hv the "we" of collcctivitv. In short, the totalitarian State
strives toward the insecti~ization of human beings.
The central theme of Pavlov's experiments was indicated
by a scene from a documentary film, showing a dog in
harness, standing on what looked like an operating table,
in a room full of mechanical gadgets and curious meters.
What immediately attracted attention was the glass container
inserted into the side of the dog's lower jaw. Unsmiline?;
doctors busied themselves with the experiment. One
held the bulbous end of a rubber tube. By squeezing it,
air pressure moved a circular tray bringing a bowl of food
within reach of the harnessed canine. As soon as this
happened, a light Hashed. The dog hungrily eyed the
approaching food; saliva began to drip into the test tube
attached to its jaw. Each drop was counted and carefully
tabulated on a graph.
The dog at first paid no attention to the light. Sometimes
the rotary table brought an empty bowl to the dog's
mouth, but when that happened the light did not go on
and there was no saliva. A routine was now established.
When the light flashed, food appeared and saliva
appeared. \Vhcn an empt} hO\\ I approached, the light did
not go on and there was no s,tli\·a.
_.\ftcr a while, the dog hardly glanced at the howl. It had
iclentifiecl the light ''ith the food. The light was sufficient
sign; it had "learned." The crucial point in the experiment
was no" reached. ,\ white-gowned doctor pressed a button,
the light flashed, but this time the round table did
not bring the clog any food. Its sali\'a dripped just the
same. The light had replact•cl the food in the mind of the
clog, the wa~ a slogan or label can replace a thought in a
man's mind. The caption read: "HeAcx caused by flashing
light."
\\'hat the Padovian doctors had learned from animals
could be used to intrndP into the mind and soul of man,
to warp and change his brain. Anything could he made
into a trigger, or what they calk•d a stimulus.
Brain-changing was the culmination of this whole evil
process, when actual damagl' was clonp to a man's mind
through drugs, hypnotism, or other means, so that ( 1) a
memorv of what had actualh happened could he wiped
out of 0 his mind, and (2) a 'new memory of \\hat never
Page 22
ring tht• Kore•
an intcn·ic\\
'-.larlin appea
lf an hour w<1
ly and contr
- c rean people
th disarming
rfare attack
nitcly sad. r
pticism.
What partic1
v ~farlin am
·hesitancy. ~
d engaged i
ey had the 1
• umerous c
adcrs that su
Side. The edit
ladn't it been
Oadc of the i1 J ~oups at part
, WIDE WOllLD rnOTO Outsith1rs d
1arecl," rigoro
happened would be inserted. htcrvie\\.
Another Russian film about Pavlov and his conditioned- D
reflex experiments portrayed him as a ruthless dialeeticnl 2. \ :\l 1
:\larxist, which he never was. Indeed, if Pavlov had •am Dt'al.., w
known his simple findings were to become the basis of .a•~Y yearr a·
modern brainwashing, he would have recoiled in horror. ictim to tfie
f the con cs~
Newly-Devised Torment Applied For months
'ons, and or
i\Iarx had expected communism to change human ver}thing hi
nature. Lenin had found out that it would never happen ionc. Ile wa
naturally. Ile saw in the Pavlovian technique the ferment 'nterrogators
which could bring it about, despite the opposition it natu· '.nutc. !hfn
rally aroused. He told Pavlov that he had "saved the :nmcs, me u
Hcvolution." Lenin, the practical dictator, betrayed Pavlov. haYe .the
During the Inst six months of Pavlov's life, the settings he~· said ti
were already being planned for the liquidation of all the f h'.s ag~ th
Old Bolsheviks within the Kremlin's reach, except one: II1s wife
Stalin. Each of the defendants in those three gigantic
trials was held, like the "isolated animal" of the training
film, for from six months to a year, while his public per·
formancc was being rehearsed in the Pavlovian manner.
The chief of almost every branch of government joined
in his own indictment, pleading for his own prompt
extermination.
The pressures of the mind - atrocities called brainwash·
ing - were as modern and as devastating an advance in
war as nuclear fission. Few in the free world fully realized
that the Heels had erased tlw lint• between war and peace.
that for them peace merely called for a change in tactics.
Few could conceive that the missionary in prison in ·the
Chinese interior, the business man in an interrogatioil
center in Eastern Europe, the militaiy officer in a caYe i11
'\orth Korea were being asked the same questions, were
subjected to the same humiliating pressmPs, cndmecl the
same tortures, sulfered alike in the gigantic war against
pt•ople's minds.
[At this point in tht' hook \fr. Ilunler, tlH'
author, gives a numbt•r of dPlail!'d cast' histories. a
few of which arc here rt'duc!'d to bril'f sketches.]
l. MAHLI'\ . .\n mcrican offict'r, a pilot in the U. . Air
Foret', whom we shall call i\larlin, was, whik a prisoner
F AC:Ts Fonl 'r u1 s. Dcl'nnhcr, J9.5/!
roper envi1
levotion to
hysical hea
"They tra
'heir line."
3. Jon"!
ytic man, 1
knew of P1
didn't drea
relate to hi
tclease fron
he lud und
lie was t
it. When h
;igony that
in his eyes.
\Ve met
to present
by subtle <
had never
he took all
The Heels
ring the Korean war, submitted by the Heels to reporters
an intcn·iew.
\farlin appeared worn and strained. In his tense state,
fan hour was all the press co11ld have. He spoke carnly
and contritely. Jlc said he hoped the Chinese and
• 4 rcan people would forgive his misdeeds, and e'<plained
th disarming frankness how he had engaged in germrfarc
attacks against the i)('asantr}. His eyes lookccl
nitcly sad. The fast flow of his answers removed any
pticism.
\Vhat particularly impressed rcportt'rs was the frank
y \larlin answered their to11ghest questions. IIc showed
h(•sitancy. ow they had the final proof that America
cl engaged in cowardly and loathsome germ warfare.
hey had the details from a man who had clone ill
_ umcrous editors all over the world informed their
adcrs that such disclosures could not he brushed lightly
ide. The editors said they were being objective. After all,
dn"t it been a group interview? Sound films had been
Oadc of the interview. The films were shown to selected
:roups at parties given by Heel diplomats.
0 rnOTo Outsidrrs did not know that l\Iarlin had been "pre-
1arrd," rigorously and at great length, for that "scoop"
.
1
litcrvic\\.
10nec -
ectical 2. \'\l DEAN. An elderly American engineer named
v had am Deat., who had been a college teacher in hina for
1sis of an} years and had had nothing to do with politics, fell
1orror. ictim to the Communist invaders and felt the full weight
f the confession technique.
For months they bombarded him with questions, accusa-
~ons, and orders to write, write, and keep on writing
iuman Verything he had ever known, everything he had ever
appcn lone. He was deprived of food and rest. Teams of fresh
•rment ntcrrogators came in relays, hammering at him every
: natu- liinutc. Then they told him that he had confessed to many
~cl the Times, including that of being a spy. He was too dazed
avlov. 'O have the least iclea of what he had said or written.
ttings they said they ought to punish him more hut because
all the if his age they wo11lcl let him leave China.
one: His wife brought him home to America. For a long
gantic imc lw was practically unconscious of all that went on
aining ro11nd him. :\lost distressing was his loss of memory.
c per- roper environment in America, loving care, and steady
anner. levotion to work gradually restored Sam to mental and
joined hysical health. Uc says:
1rompt "They trap you like a rat. Finally, you have to take
heir line."
1wash·
nee in
mlizecl
peace.
actics.
·the
gatioJl
,1ve in
were
the
1gainst
!\if
isoner
3. Jou D. H AYES. Hayes was a highly educated, ana}'
tic man, a missionary. He had studied psychology and
knew of Pavlov's theories although, when arrested, he
didn't dream that the physiologist's experiments would
relate to his case. I met him about half a year after his
release from a Communist prison in central China, where
lie had undergone intense brainwashing.
Ile was then able to give only a smattering account of
it. \Vhen he searched his mind for details, it hurt. The
•tgony that brainwashing imposes on its victims was still
in his eyes.
\\'e met ne'<t more than a year later. Ifr was now able
to present an integrated account of how he had been led
hy subtle and brutal pressures to believe and admit what
had never taken place. l\1ost important was the fact that
he took all the Heels dealt him, wt b('at them in the end.
l'he Heels "<'re ncv('r able to acl1ieve their primary ohjec-
FAcrs FoRL'\l '\'1-.ws, Decc111/Jer, 1956
th(' "ith him. His mind kept slipping a" a) from them.
Ilis experiences exposed the fatal limitations of brainwashing.
Hayes was constantly hungry. Ile felt drugged from
lack of sleep. The brainwashing chamber was a downstairs
room in the prison, about nvelvc by eighteen fret,
where he faced from one to seven inquisitors and torh1rcrs.
Brainwashing victims from East Europe have described
similar courts to me, with hypnotists and psychiatrists on
the staff.
The court informed Hayes he was head spy for all
Southwest China and demanded he fill in the details for
them b} confessions. They insisted he reveal his connections
with the FBI; they pro\ ided what they called proof
and spent ten steady clays pounding on this. They gave
. him thinking assignments on which he had to write and
report. The tension was like a drill piercing his mind,
worse than physical suffering. They gave him l\fao's books
to study in his cell; they had him write a long autobiography;
they wore him down with insane, repetitious
questioning. They would get him all wound up and bewildered
over nothing. He realized that there was a devilish
consistency and persistence about all this n·eatmcnt from
the Heels.
Finally, after three-quarters of a year of uninterrupted,
intensive drilling away at his mind, he was in no shape
to reason things out. Hallucination took possession of
him. He became whollv unconcerned over what the Reds
might do to him. Their objccti\ e was to "convert" him,
to indoctrinate him into their ideology, actually to win
his Jo,·altv, on the firm conviction that environment, if
the p1:ess;1re is sufficient, will not only break a man but
remake him. He defeated them at their own tactics. After
that, he felt sure they would either release or murder
him. It happened to be, for Hayes, release.
Later, much later, Haves could analvzc his little battle
in the brain warfare that is being ;vaged around the
world. "The more I think of it," he said to me, "the surer
I am that the mind is infl11c11ced to a great extent by
environment and training, hut that the rrnlly decisive,
controlling element is the spirit. You can't crack that if it
is sound."
\Vhen Jiayes discussed this \\ith medical men in America,
a San F~ancisco psycho-analyst told him:
"Your mind gave way when yoi1 hacl your hallucination.
That saved vou. You were intact. onlv your mind had
cracked. Th~ Heels couldn't do any n;or~ to you. Your
spirit had escaped them."
This was a medical man's analvsis, uninfluenced bv missionary
thought. Yet on this field of battle of the .mind,
these two men saw eye to eye.
4. T 1rn NEGRO AS P.O.W. Tn the prisoner-of-war camps
in North Korea, the dark-skinned American was put on
his mettle racially because the Communists insisted on
appealing to him as a 'egro. The color of his skin was
constantly emphasized as his all-important characteristic.
IIc was pitted agaimt his country, symbolized in the
person of the wltitc man. But they foiled to gain the
great propaganda victory they had counted on, to win
the minds of non-white peoples of the world. Out of thousands
of egroes taken prisoner, only three were among
the cowed and upset lads who said they did not want to
return home to America.
I asked a newspaperman just back from the Korean
Page 23
\
)
Air Force Captain
Zoch Deon, who was
shot down in Korea,
embraces his wife at
airbase in Japan, following
his repatriation
in the final
exchange of sick
and wounded war prisoners
at Panmunjom.
While her husband was
held prisoner, Mrs.
Dean did Red Crass
work in Tokyo.
WIDE WORl.0 PHOTO
front: "How did the colored man come out in comparison
\dth the whites?"
"Fine," he replied.
Others told me the same. I did some investigating on
my own, and discovered that the Reds had dismally failed
in their attempts to squeeze racist propaganda out of their
colored captives. Talking to repatriated :-\egroes, I found
that they had seen through the enemy right from the
start; they could detect racist cheese by its smell, no
matter how it was camouflaged.
A quality that stood them in great stead is exemplified
in :\egro songs. They are generally without bitterness,
without hate. Bitterness and hate are negative reactions,
and sour a man. In the long pull, the p.o.w.'s primary
objective was to protect his own facilities, to keep hope up.
\\'hen this was lost, so was the mind. The Beds kept chiseling
away at his hope. Therefore, the person to whom hope
(optimism) is second nature, is the toughest nut for
Commies to crack.
5. IIERB i\I \RLATT. Army Captain Herbert E . .\Iarlatt
was a victim of Communist brutalitv. The Reds had often
kicked him and beaten him with ciubs, in irritation over
his failure to break. On his hack, the jellied Aesh had
de,·eloped into a tumor. I 'isited him in the military hospital
at .\It. Clemens, .\lichigan. Here is part of his story.
He had been, for long ~'eeks, in the Death .\larch under
\.'orth Korea's "Tiger." Any man who faltered was battered
0\ er the skull and shoved or kicked off the road, to become
one more corpse among hundreds. Herb saw men summarily
executed for the crime of being sick or wounded.
\!en marched shoeless, in cotton clothes. All clown the
line, limbs were freezing and gangrene spreading unchecked.
Why should anyone go on with it? was the state of mind
of the remnant who dragged into the first permanent
camp. Then spoke up John J. Dunn, who had served in
the Burma jungle with .\lerrill's \larauders. His voice was
angry - there was no despair in him; he was all rage.
"Those so-and-so and so-and-so's!" he cried. "The,·'re
completely evil!" (Those were not his exact words.) "TJ1cy
will never listen to any reason except force! Their kind of
\'iciousncss has to he wiped out on a battlefield. It won't
e\·er be soh-cd at a conference table; it can only he cut
out, like a cancer!
".\!en, that's why we're here! \\'hen that clay comes, and
we meet communism on the battlefield, our country will
Page 24
need people who have seen its face and know what it is.
That's why we have to survive, so we can go home and Jet
our people know. Of course that's why we're here! We
must survive - that's our job now!"
When the men heard that, Ilcrh told me, it was as if
they had been given a shot in the arm. They had a purpose;
there was meaning to their suffering. Whereas the
moment before they had hoped for death, feeling the
hopelessness of their plight, now they knew they had to
survive - a reason that was incalculably more powerful
than the pains they were suffering.
The men were now certain that they were in on the
ground floor of what was actually a phase of World
War III. From that time on, Dunn kept stressing that the
men must regard their captivity as a tremendously important
opportunity to understand and interpret the Chinese
Communist mind, and to find the most effective ways of
reacting to the Reds and their environment.
"We can succeed in our job," he kept saying, "only if we
get out of here alive."
Instead of being discouraged by the enemy's pressures
and being caught off balance, the prisoners met each blow
with eagerness. They discounted the Red propaganda.
Herb was positive that those in his regiment who survived
did so because of Dunn's inspiration.
6. ZACH DEA • Captain Zach W. Dean of the U. S. Air
Force was an oil-field engineer from Oklahoma, with deepset
eyes. \Vhen I asked how long he had been a prisoner,
he said: "Two years and four days." I almost expected hini
him to add the hours and minutes.
"The Reds brought you to thC' point of death and then
revived you," Zach said. "Then again they brought you to
death's door, and when you were about to enter, they
pulled you back. After the H<'ds did this a few times, you
were thankful to them for saving your life."
DC'an frequently referred to the way the Communists
seemed to know everything that took place in the camps.
"\Ve could keep nothing from them!" he exclaimed. Th.e
illusion of knowing everything was one of communisms
most powerful weapons. Jn some p.o.w. camps the Reels
made it more than an illusion - they did find out everything.
A few of the weaklings made it possible.
"You couldn't trust a single person," Zach said. "The
way the Beds got hold of almost every scrap of information
was eerie."
Yet they didn't know everything. "A small group of
~lasons remained intact during their captivity," he told
me. "The Reds never found out. The mere knowledge thnt
they were able to keep this group in existence was a tr~m<'
ndous boost to morale. These men, strengthened hy this
proof that the Reds WC're not supermen, maintained a
good record against crack-ups."
7. ROBEllT WILKINS. Robert \Vilkins was given the
works, yet came out intact in body and soul. He was a
master technical sergeant, a man whose mind was £lied
with details the Reds wanted. Ile came from Detroit, a
city the Commies detested because its workers owned
their homes and drove their own cars, making them "capitalists,"
and turning the conventional Red language of class
war into utter nonsense.
Bob helped ferry the first American warplanes to IndoChina.
Soon he was flying into Korea, sometimes on four
or five missions daily, in B-26 light bomber . These were
FAc:rs Fo1m'c 'nvs, December, 19.56
all lowor
oxyg1
"We
were• Ill
fighting
Commu
mission!
"Desr
in their
around
our owr
selves p
justified
<lC'rful l
have IC',
wait un
rotten ti
After
began t
rnagazir
came to
on 'the
thev wl
rcf;1SC'Ci.
"The
woulds
this WO\
less wo1
coming
never C•
"Wlw
fear. Fn
I refuse
point, l
through
Willing!)
Bob c
their O\I
until the
ing b h
concede
rnust, ar
8. DA
from pr
develop
rc•quire1
While
that aim
kept in
of loncli
anythin1
evcrythi
the ceili
matter c
Thev
dc·ma1;cl
\Vas con
himself
he hims•
the U. ~
jail sent(
opinion.
'The
"for SOil
attitude.
t it is.
ind Jet
e! We
s as if
a puras
the
1g the
ha<l to
werful
Jn the
World
1at the
imporhinese
ays of
1 if we
~ssures
i blow
ganda.
rvived
S. Air
deepisoner,
:d hi!ll
d then
you to
, they
:s, you
)unists
:arnps.
J. The
nisn1's
: Reds
every·
"The
for111<1·
'up of
e told
;e thnt
a trr·
n· this
~eel a
•n th<'
was a
filled
roit, a
>wned
"eapif
class
rndo·
1 four
\\'CfC
all low-k•vd attacks in mountainous terrain, without radar
or oxygen, with only six hours' fuel.
"\\'e weren't told anything about the type of war we
were fighting," he said. "\Ve had no idea why we were
fighting in Korea, and we weren't told anything about the
Communists. I had to become a prisom·r of war after fifty
missions, to realize why we had to fight them.
"Dc•spitP all the lies and twisted facts tlw Heels told us
in th<'ir indoctrination lectures, we still got a better allarouncl
picture of the world situation from them than from
our O\\n people'! \Vhat we found out from tlw Heels themselves
proved to us that they were our all-out enemy and
justified every bit of fighting we were doing. \\That a wonderful
boost for morale it would have been if we could
have learned that from our own side, instead of having to
wait until we were captured by the Heels to find out how
rotten they were and how right we were."
After many adventures in prison camp, "The Chinese
began to indoctrinate us," Bob said. "They gave us Heel
magazines and papers and lectures. After a while, they
came to me and suggested that |
