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A reply to Mr. Buckley is nol
available. Replies art' invited.
In contrast with Mr. Suckley,s
view (I) that thr "l.ihcrtd" mind
is essentially different frnm—and
more inscrutable than—the Communist mind, anil (2) that tin-
'LiberaP' mind is quite undisciplined, FACTS FORUM NEWS
reproduces tin excerpt from thr
celebrated REPORT OF THE
\CA\AI)1A\\ ROYAL COMMISSION on the Soviet spy ring revealed by Igor Gouzenko.
In this selection ti view appears
that (I) the "LiberaP' mind is in
a significant number of instances
thoroughly disciplined, and (2)
the discipline is of Communist
origin.
Canadian Liberals
in the Red Spectrum
The Report of the Royal Commission was based on hearings held between February and
June, 1946. It was Igor Gouzenko who revealed the existence in Canada of a widespread
conspiracy to obtain secret official information. Gouzenlto, "civilian employee" of the Soviet
Embassy of Ottawa, had served a4, cipher clerk on the staff of Colonel Zabotin, Military
Attache.
Perhaps the most startling aspect of the spy network in Canada is the uncanny success
with which the Soviet agents were able to find Canadians who were willing to betray their
country and to supply the agent with secret information despite oaths of allegiance, of office,
and of secrecy. Many of the Canadian public servants implicated in this espionage were
extremely well educated persons of marked ability and intelligence and well regarded by
those who worked with them.
rii1'
tl»'
Selections from the "Motivation of
Igent.i" seeit'on nn,Ier the snl,title. "The
Development of Ideological Motivation."
The evidence before us shows that in
•he great majorily of cases the motiva-
'ion was inextricably linked with courses
of psychological development carried on
"niler lhe guise eef .nl i v i t ies of et secrel
"ection e.f wheit is ostensibly a Canadian
Political movement, lhe Labour-Progres-
"ve part; fCommunist party of Can-
Ma); thai these secrel "development"
courses an' vitv much inure widespread
man the espionage network itself; eunl
""it the Canadian members of the espionage network themselves look an active
Pari in directing and furthering such
courses for other Canadians, which were
calculated In allow them to draw suitably "developed" persons later into ae-
hve participation ami thus io expand the
network it-elf.
• • •
I he- Inquiry heis revealed the names
nf a number ol Canadians, employed in
"Urious departments emd agencies of the
Rovernmenl who, while presumably
tpnte ignorant of the espionage network
"ul certainly innocenl of implication in
~"''h illegal activities, were' being stth-
l"t'd to "development" hv the same
""'ems for 11-1- in the future.
For these reasons wc eire analyzing
■yih some care the question of motiva-
'"»u em.I ihe highly organized methods
'"'I'luved tn develop an appropriate
"""eil emd menial state among potential
s-snadian recruits before they are in-
"niieel of whal has been planned for
them.
In virtual!) eill cases, eis heis been
s|;'le,|. il,,. agents were recruited from
'aiong "cells" or sindv groups nl secrel
■"embers or adherents of the Communist
Wtty (Labour-Progressive party).
• • •
II seems to be general poliev of lhe
■""uniinisi party to ilis. rage certain
^ACTS FORUM NEWS, .Inn,: 1955
selected sympathizers among certain cat-
egories of the population from joining
lhal political partv openly. Instead, these
sympathizers are invited to join secrel
''cells" or study groups and In take pains
In keep their adherence In the partv
from the knowledge of their acquaintances who ein- nol also members of the
Communisl partv. The categories of the
population frnm which secrel members
.ni' recruited include students, scientific
workers, teachers, office eunl business
workers, persons engaged in einv Ivpe
uf administrative activity, and anv
group likelv lo obtain einv tvpe of gov ■
crnmenl emplo) ment.
The reason suggested by sonic of the
agents in their evidence fur lhe curious
practice of keeping their political affiliations secret was lhal by ihis means they
would avoid unfavorable discrimination
in obtaining positions. Iliere were
enough such ceises to justify us in con-
eluding lhal ihis practice is ei part)
technique, the- real objectives emd results
nf which seem lo he quite different.
• • •
One objective, we conclude, is that
this technique Facilitates the achievement uf ei basic policy of the Communisl party, viz. in get control, through
ihe election nf secrel members lu the
directing committees, of eis man) types
of functional organizations as pussihle'.
including Ireule unions, professional associations and broad nonpart) organizations such as youth movements and civil
liberties unions. Similarly, secrel members ur adherents of the Communisl
peirlv men he- use-el Iii take the lead in
organizing new. broad, and ostensibly
niinpulilieal organizations, afler which
ili,.y obtain for themselves ami other
secrel adherents key positions on controlling committees of lhe organization.
Hv these means the technique of secrel
membership is calculated to Facilitate
essentially dishonest hut not ineffective
methods of propaganada in lhe interests
nf ,a Foreign state.
One illustration of the use- of this
technique is furnished by the Canadian
Association ..f Scientific Workers. Pro-
f.'ss,,r [Raymond] Boyer, in whose
house' ih,. informal meetings eit which
the establishment of the organization
wen' held, became national president.
Norman Veall, upon whom we are eilso
reporting, told us that he "took an
active pent In the formation of tin- organization": emd that he became a
member nf the National Executive Committee, charged wilh maintaining liaison
with corresponding organizations in
other countries. Then- is evidence suggesting lhat lie used ihis position as a
cover in meikiii" contacts with members
of ihe staff e.f the Soviel Embassy in
Ottawa: Deivi.l Shugar testified thai he
had been very active in organizing and
extending the Association ami weis e\,-ei-
eal et member "f the Executive of the
Ottawa Branch. In fact. Veall eunl Shu-
-_';tr each shiiweel em inclination tn claim
credit for founding the Association.
I Edward I Mazerall stated that lhe Association was something "which people in
lhe siu.lv groups were interested in
forming."
In addition io Boyer. Veall, and Shugar. Dr. Mem \11n11 Men ami Frank
Chubb, both of whose names figure in
the espionage note-hooks eef Colonel Zabotin. hold or have' held official positions
on the Association's executive committees. Professor I!.ever characterized the
majorit) of other members "f the executive as "LPP" 1 i.e. Labour-Progressive
party or Communist) "or left-wing" in
political i.leailogv : though In- stated that
very few eif the Association's large membership among scientists would share
thi- political v iew .
The propaganda value of control of
such an organization is illustrated by
correspondence between Shugar anil
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