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PRICE 25c
People Must Choose V. P.
~Ir. ln-ing Eding<•r, 1.5 \lel\'in Avenue,
Brighton '3.5, \lass,1dwst'tts, is a man with a
plan - a plan in which ht• has h!'en able to
inkr('st st•\ t'ral nwmhcrs of Congrl'SS.
\Ir. Edin.f.{er suggests th;.tt more thought
and cons1d('ration should he gi\cn to the
scle<.'tion of m('n to oc<:up}· the Vite-Presidency.
Ill' writes:
Th(' choic<' <;hould not com<• ahout hy arhitrary
s<•h•ction, ,~ hich i" contrary to h.1<;ic clt-mocratic
principlt•-. or thi'i country, hut hy th1· c·hoic(• and
\Ok of tht' pt·opll'. \\"(• do not haH' thi<; prhilt'J.!
C' tod,\y .. , , Tlwrt• i'> no \oic:r and no choice,
and it is no h<'llt•r th.m a Hu.,~ian t·h•c:tion.
\Ir. Eding,.r's plan is that cI,.legatcs at
hoth c·onn•ntions would St'lt'<:l .1 thrP<'-man
slatf' for \'it'<:-Pr<"sicl('nl, which would appear
on th!' \Oting Idiot. \'ot('rs woulcl h<' pnmittcd
to \·oh' for onlv on<• man on th<• sl.1tc
tlwv choos('. Onh tf;,. sl.itt• of th<' party winnin~
tlw pn·sidt>;1tial <·lt·dion would h(• tonsicl<•
r,.cl. and tlw cancliclat,• llil\·ing th" most
,·ot('s \\'Ould })(' dett('<I. In this way the \'ic('Pr!'
sidcnt can lw sdcet"cl by th<' popular
'ot<· of th<' p"opl<'.
"I urge the r<'<lcl<·rs to C'<>nt..1c:t their rC'prC"sentatin•
s in \\'ashington lo do somcthing
about rd11rning this privilege to them,"
'' riks \ rr. Edinger.
• •
A Healthy Bite of Jelly Beans
. .\crnrdmg to Tl1c Bee of Phillips, \\'iscon-;
in, S<'concl graclt.·rs in th( tity schools, und<"r
th<• instruction of \!rs. '\!'cl Slocurn. mcd
hnc<• wed.h for a "61 J"lly B<'an" garnc,
which paralkls th" $61,000 Qucstion procr.
un of T\' fanw. Th<" ,·01mgskrs ha,·e
cl{'\'ist·cl a tompktl' s<'tup, in.eluding an isobtion
hooth wh<.·r<• tlwv mil\' cl<"lilwratc> on the
qut·stions in on<• of tl;e 2.5· catt'gori<'s pro,·idt
·cl. .\mong tht•s<• catt•,gorit'S an• sp<'lling,
arithmetic, sci<"nC<' and r('acling qu<'stions.
\ Ir. Boh Ta) lor, 1767 P Street, :\.\\'.,
\\'ashington 6. D. C .. who has S('nt us this
informt1tion, o;;u,tO.!<·sts that tlw ganw might
he made still mor<• enlight('ning for our
youth if teachers who wish to adopt the idea
w(·n· to incorporate tilt' inC'Olll<' lit\ p.tyment
on tht• jt·lly l)('~tn winnings.
''\\'" '"'"' '"'<·n told." h" eornnwnts, "that
undt'r inconw t.l\ r11l('s a youmi:..,t<·r would
haq~ to \\·in fiq• hundn·d j<'lly lw.ms in order
to tak<" horn<' si\ty-four ....
"ff the cackling of g<·<·S<· """cl Rom!', who
is to S;ty that a l<''"Y of j<'lly f)('ans from
) outhful wiruwrs might not s1wc America':>"
• •
Feeding His Lambs
. \ rt•ad<·r has fnrward!'cl to 11s copy of a
bulletin from tlu• ~111w1 intt·nclt"nt of Sayre'
ill<' ( \. J 1'11hlic ~' '""'''· \Jr H. S. Pol-
1.itk ( S11p ·rn1knd<·11t's llulldin '\o. 11, Dcct'lllher
6, 19.5.)J, in which he acl,·ist·s:
'Ve ar<' told, hy th!' Stat!' O<·partment in ch;lr~('
of C'nforcing tlw ant1-di,crimin,1tion <;l.ttuk\, th.1t
th<· re i\ a grcl\\ in\,! frt·linl.! in 'ariou\ p.1rh of
thi· <;l.ll(' \\ ith n·,1wd to th(• ('(·h·hr.tllnn or
Chri\tnu<; h~· 'J>t.'t·i,ll oh,1·r. .rnt·t·, .md t·,t·rciws
in puhlic ~d1001. ... It m.1y ht• \\hi' to t·011'idt•r,
lll'i.:i1111i11!.! .1t ouc:t'. hcl\\ tlw C:hri'>tlll.l'i Pro!.!r.un
to lw ofTt•rt·cl in ~our \t·h'">I could ht• re-pl.1111u·1l
<;o ,1<; to dt•-t·mph.hi,t• tlw <;t•ct.iri.m rt·li:.:inu'i
•"P!'ct th1·n·of .ind to t•mph.l\i'l' imtt".ld tht· folklort
· ,alut·'· ... It i' tlw opi11ion or your Supnintl
·ncl<·nt th,lt "ithin thi• nt•\t thn•(• to tl·n Y'""'i
it ''ill ht• n•c111in•d hy tlw court<; tlut tlw 'iJH't'ific
dh rc·lii,:iot1\ il\JWc·t or tlw cd(•hration h<• ch•lt·t('(!
from puhlit• '>t·hnol proi,::r.lm\ •• tnd tlut it ''ill
hf·conw il l<•g.d to ll't' '!1111(' or tlw hynlll\ and
.111tlwm\ th.ti arc· now quilf• c·ommon. and that
ii \\ill l11·«ornt• 111·c·t'''""" lo moid pai.::<·anh in\
Ohing thr nali,itv, .incrl'l .l!lcl \imilar prop'i. It
i., \11\.!Cntc·d th,1t it micht lw ""f'll to lwcin lo rrpl.
111 thi'i progr,1m in thi' dirc•c:tion <;O tll<lt the
dum:W-0\('r i\ \o graclu.al il'> In IH' untl(llkt•ahlt• to
tlw CC'rwr,11 puhlic 0\ N a 1wriod of YhH'i.
Tlw qu<'stion aris<·s as to whetht'r the purpos<'
of St1<"h <"hang<'d t•111phasis is, as st.tt<'cl
in th<" hulktin. to an>icl clist'rimination. or
wlwtlwr it is part of a m11<"h largt·r pl.in
<·mant1ting from th<' l\r('mlin which would
ckstrov our rt'ligious fo11nd.1tions In· taking:
th" Cl;rnt 0111 of Christmas for our ~hildrcn.
• •
Workers - American Style
\f ailings rt'('(•i\'(•cl from thr \'oluntecr Prc<"
inct \\'orkt•f\. Cold Fmtlwr \\'0111<"n of California,
Bo\ ~O:lh South Anm•\, \'an \u)s,
California, indi<:att' that an admirahl<" job is
hPing don<' h~ this organization in informing
oth('rs of cit·\ <·loprrn·nts in Congress, as \\'(•II
.ts lo(«d lt'gislation pc·ncling, in r('('Olllm<·ncl-
11H! <.·urn·nt litt>ratt1rt' of inforrnathe \al11e to
tlH·ir mt•mh<•rs.
If you would lik1· to pl.111 such a built-tin
for any group to whith you belong, we sug-
1.!c·st that you writ<• to tlw \'olunl<'t·r Prt'cinct
\\'orkt·rs for a s.1111plc <"<>PY of their mailings
- simple and effcctl\·e.
• •
Orlando J-C Shows the Way
\ rthur \ \'. Sdilich('n111ai('r, 601 Clayton
St., Orf;tndo, Florid.1. writ<·s:
Tlw p11hlit· '>t·hooJ., h1·rc• in Orl.indn. likt• mo.,t
countit·'> throu~hout tlu- 11.1ti~m, \\t•rc· 'fl ll\(·rt
·ro\qlt·d th.it tlw Junior Ch.1mhc·r of Comnwrct·
clt·cidnl {JI) '>0111~ '·''' .1diu11. n.1thn tlun dl.llll'ini.:
.ill th1· n·d t.q>t of .mntlu·r d(·c·tiou to r.1i-.c•
<.t·hool l.l\t''i, tlw .1 .,n1·1.11im1 m.uh· .1 dirl'<:t .. C: \ ,_
\ \~S BY \f \IL" lo c·q·r~onc· in tlw c.·01111f\, to
111.1il in 11101u·~ for lht· <.·01htr11c·1!"'1 of nc·w d.1\'>mo111
.. ! \\"ithill l ft•\\ \\I (•k-\, thOU\,tnd~ or cJolJ,
1..., \\l'rc• r.1i,1·d, .111d the· c.1mp.1ign i'> \till 111
• 11·tion. lh1· clin·t·lof\ or CL\ "iSUOO\f"i. I'\\. ••
h,I\ c• .1ln .1dv rd1 ''~·d morr th.111 S J0.000 .• Hid
told th(' trmll·t·~ to \l•li·c-t thr <;it(• for tlw fir'>t
cla\'>room to IH' huilt h~· tlw non-profit or~.111iz.
1hon.
• •
On the Political Scene
\ lany n·aclt'rs h,t\'(' writt<•n to us r('gardin1.4"
third p.nt~ 11H1\('rtH·11h .rncl tlwir a< ti\·iti<
·s. I lo\\"t•\ t·r, ..,in<·<' it i... rn·(·<·..,s.try to '"·ork
W<'ll in ach·an('(' of our puhli('ation clJ'
r<'adt'rs' n-ports conc·<·rning su<"h organ1
tions as For \ nwrica, \\'c the Pt'opl<', or t
TP\ilS Constitution Party, han• h<'cOm<' o
clatt'd hv tlw ti11w Facts Forum .\'ell.".~· real
<'S p11hlication.
It is signifkant, howe'l.·er, that the f
A11H·rim rallv lwlcl at Carn<'gi" I !all. \
York, on \ \;ashington's birthday fill"cl
hall with 1,600 pn•sc•nt, d<'spit" a pradl
hlatlout of th<' pr<'SS, and that 1,000 ,_.
t11r11('d a\Vil\. \II S<·ats wc•n• rt'S<'n eel
sold out \\'t·;·ks in •t<h an<"e as a rt'sult of l
t1·rs and a word-of-mouth campaign.
lkad1·rs who wish information n•qo1rd
th,. icon \ \IEHIC.\ 111on·11H·nt ma,· r<'CJ'
from Ct·rwral Bonn('r F"ll"rs at I 00 l C
rwdiu1t \\"('IHH', \.\\'., \\'ashington 0. I).
a <·npy of FOH A\IEH IC.\ 's political act
progr;11n.
J.rcc \lr-11 S/l('ak, 7.1 1 I Zimp"I Str<'<'L \
Orlt .. rns IH, Loursiana, is a puhlication wl
prm id1·s ('\('t·ll<'nt <"O\'(•ragc on the adi\J
of all new party lllO\'<'lllC'llts.
Information n·garcling \ \'E T llE PEOP
may lw ohtain<'cl by writing 35 E. \\';1C
Dr., Chita!(o I, Illinois.
• •
Bible Balloon Project
For tlw past four years, the Billy J.•
I filrgis Co111111iltt•1• of tlw lnternation;d 0
crl of Christian Chttrth<'S has r('l<•as<'d I
n11111h('rs of halloons ('arrying portions of
Bibi,. to tht· <·011ntrit·s h<'hind tlw Iron C
tain. 111 J0.5.;, :i.;0,000 portions of th" JI•
printC'cl in Czt'eh, S!o,·ak, Polish, H 11'~
and Ct'r111an were launC'hed. T lws<• c;trr
<«t<·h capahk of lifting five portions of
Bihl<'. <'an float gr<'at distanc<'S, some 11~
as ·).000 land mil<"s.
Cl111rdu•s and incli'l.·icluals throughout
Unrl<•cl St.tl<'s h<' lp finance this crt1'
against ('Ollllllt111ism .
Dr. Brlk j.mws l largis, 1.516 So. Bo111
T11fs.1. Oklahoma, int<•rnationally k"
t•vangc·list and radio pastor, who h11s pt·r"
alh <"OnduC'tccl <•ach of tlw twt'h·e );1t11
in~s. in r('f<'rring to C'ritieism"i of this pro
hy th<' Co111m11nist lands, tC' ll "i us:
Tlw daim that tlw opprc•<;<;rd 'i011lc; m Cn111
ni\I LuHI\ t·njnv rc•lh?iou<; frf•Nlom i<; 1111trt1<'·
onlv n·lil!iou~ Jpach•1\ functionin~ lwhind \I
Iron C'nrt.1in l'H(' Hf•d p11ppd<;, 'tOOl!l''i of
cow. Tlw rc•porl<; we• h.n 1• n•c·t'iH•d from C0111
lli\I Jand<; ~J>(';lk or n·liciOll'i Jl('f\C'('Utioll
oppn•<;,ion uulikt• nnything known in "''
hi<;tory.
·\<·c·ord111g to Dr. I largis, "Distrihuti(lfl
th1· Sl'riptiin·s hy thi"i clramati<' and u111
mt"thod is h,1\ in!.{ a soft(•ning ('fft'd 011r
h;trd, C'nwl atlu·istil' <"Ontrol of th(• (roll
t.1i11 ('01111tri<·<.;." This ('Oncl11sio11 was rt
h.1s<·d upon i11for111ation lw has rct i
frcu11 four ;111ti-Co11111111nist groups \\·iif
lwhi11d th<' Iron Curtain 11 undcrgfl.
atti\ itit'S .
. t
\\'li11t wonld you likr to sec 11\
<"<>11111111'~ Constrn<"t" e s11.l{g<·_sti~ is fo:Jii
C'ation, rc·<"ognition of p.1tnots, I
conntTt('d with th<' rn·ws all ~ ·e \\'t''
including illu ... trativ(' photograp:1s or_ ~
o;;hots. Pl.1c·(• vour ordt'rS hy writ 111
H1·ackrs lkporl, /' acts Forum Xc·tcs, p.
Tt•\aS.
IN 1
that th<' f
:ie llall, \t
lay fillt•d
ill' a pr1.1di
al 1,000 w
H'Sl'f\<.'cl
\ f(.'St1Jt of
pai,gn.
ion reg,1rd
t rna\· rcqt
al 1601 C
1gton o, [).
>01itical act
·l Strl'l'l,'
lie;ttion wl
the adi'i
'llE i'EOI'
15 E. \\'<1
o Billy J.~
ation;d 0
r<'l<·as.«I I
•Ortions of
the Iron
of th<' Jl1
lish, Hu""'
"hrse c;1rr
>rtions of
, some •1 ~
ro11~ho11t
this cn1"
So. Bo11
nallv kn1
o ha~ pr'
1Cln· J,111t
this pro
s:
lc; in C(ll11
~ untnit'·
o~:.~h!:f'1 \t
from C11111
r'i('('1Jliflll
I in 1111
istrilmti1111
and 1111
•ffcl't pO(
he Iron
\\"ilS re
1<1S rt•l't
ups "·cir~
undcrf!tl11
sec in
'S for Jl'.
its, ,\-ii'
e "·ch1
1s or '
writ in
't·ics, P··
TH IS
'ADR.t "R !CfIT-TO-\v O HK " LAWS RIGHT ? , , ,
Volume 5
Number 5
Moy, 1956
2
lAn Co,cm:SS\IAN" - Points for Letter \Vriters
R11th Boyer Scott
Yotn .\h:..1ATUHE Co:..cnESSIO:>AL DrnE«TO!IY
Dots RADIO FnEE Ei.:nOPE PnO\IOTE TllL CAl SL OF FnEEDO\t?
9
J 1
Whitney ll. Shepardson, Preside11t of Free Europe Committee,
Protests RFE Criticism 19
24
29
39
58
59
63
63
6.J.
6.'5
65
6.3
liri Brada's Reply to Letters of Protest
~ndensation of How TO SAVE $7.5 BILLION A lE.\H, Fra11k C. Ilanigh cn
El!t Co,1~1UNJST PAHTY, U.S.A. -A Ilandbook for 1\111erica11s . .. Part lit
~::.;0• AA'TDVTVSET WITH THE FACTS FOHU\1 PL.\'1
'-0 . , HEDULES
11· \TEST Rt,LES
Ii l\\l\C LETH.HS TO TUE EDJTOHS
P ttp THE CAUSE OF FnEEDOM . •
p0
Lt Qn:sno's A\D POLL QuESTION \V1,,u1s
s 0
Lt lh:suLTS
tacA, FOi\ THE :\lo"TH
l1hoto Credits: Pof.:e 9, Huth Boy(·r Scott, llMri'i & b\ in,1.:
Back Cover, Mount Hushmon.: '\,ltion11I ~fomorial, \Vide \\'orld
H \Cl\. COVEH: \fount llushmore '.'Jationnl \lt-morial in the Black llills
of \V. South Dakota was established in 1929. On the granite fact• or Ow
mountain four gigantic stone lwnd ~ hove b<.•cn creiHt•d, or GMrge \Vosh·
ini.::ton, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore HoosC'vdt and Abraham Lincoln -
N<.:h measures 60 frC'l in h<'ight. Thclic ore tht• \\Ork or the sculptor Cut/On
Borglum, "'ho dit.•<l in 19-H .
TO ORDER FACTS FORUM NEWS REPRINTS
To t'nt'ourage distribution of thought-provoking articles appearing in
J.'acts Forum l\'cws, we arc making reprints avaihtblc when it is war·
r.mtt'<l by the interest of our readers. The following articles ha,·e b""" reprinted and may be obtaint'd at prices shown, delivered:
orn,,,.1<l I c·
L<.·ssthan
JOO
l\dtt '. an( ITC.:USCS
Con, .1 lOc each "al Bcti ,\/orccll (Feb., 1956)
(l~luUon of tht• U. S.
~lly -page folder) ( Jan. , 1956) l5t' l'<lt'h
2 article containing:
1 ~:&cs or l«ss lOc «ach
.) lo 4 Pag<'s JOc eaeh
8 Pagl's lOe caeh
JOO ;oo 1,000 :;,OOO or more
9.00 HJ.00 75.00 35.00 per 1,000
l 1.50 70.00 1.30.00
1.00 18.00 :32.50 20.00 pl'f 1,000
7.50 '35.00 60.00 2.5.CXJ per 1,000
9.00 10.00 75.00 35.00 per 1,0()()
I· \(TS FOHU\f is nonprofit and nonp.uti\;m,
"upportiuv: no 1>olitical c.rndidate or piltt)·. Facts
Fon1m'.s atti\iti<·.s ore designed to pr('St.·nt not just
nnt• \it•,\-· of, 11 contr~>\'t"'r':>i•ll h\Ut', hut opposing
\it·\\--;, ht•lit•\rnJ( th<lt tt lS the riJtht and th<' ohli·
i:11tion or lht• Amnican people tht.·m<i<'h<'s to l<·am
;.111 the fa<.:ls ond <.'Ome to their o,.,_.n condusiom.
SJ(;:\"ED AHTICLES opp<'nrin$l in FACTS
FOHl'\I :\F:\VS do not ncccss11rily n·pr(.'\t.'nt the
opi11ion or the editors.
""l SC!llPTS suhmHted to FACTS FOHU\1
:\EWS ,houl<l bt• accompanied by st .. unpcd, st•Jr.
addn·swcl t·nv(')Opes. Puhlhht.•r i.\S\UllWS no rt'.SP<lll·
'iihil ity for rl'turn of unsolicited manuscripts.
SUBSClllPTl0'1 HATES in the U.S. nnd U.S.
1m,,t.'>\iom, $2 pt•r year, $.5 for thret• ye .. 1n. All
o th«.>r countri<'s, $3 per year. To subs<:rihe, see
p,1J:"t' Al.
/acts Forum News
READ ABOUT
The Director of the Museum
of Modern Art in New York,
Rene d'Harnoncourt, in
writing of Modern Art ond
Freedom disagrees with
the article which appeared
in our February issue,
Art For Whose Soke? by
Esther Julia Pels.
Communist Party, U.S.A.
The fourth and final installment
of the Hand book for
Americans prepared by the
Sena te Internal Security
Subcommittee.
~he Case For and
Against Foreign Aid.
What is the relation between
foreign aid and collective
security? Between poverty
and communism? Does our
aid win us friends and
good will? These and other
pertinent questions will
be discussed.
~outhern States
and lnterpositon
Proponents' and critics'
views on interposition and
its relation to the question of
segregation will serve to
clarify the issue for our
readers.
CIJ_\""GE OF ADDHESS: Send old addrt>~s
( (''•ll'tly ·•'i imprint<•d on mailin'{ )ah(') or your
WJ>l of tht· m.ui:.ui1w) nnd 1ww ;.utdrt·s\ to I· .\CTS
FOHl1 \I ~EWS, Dt·p;1rtmt·nt CA, O.tll;1'> 1, T<.·):as.
J>k.1->l ullow tlnt.•t. \\t.'t.·ks for clrnut:"t"t.l\Cr. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
EWS, Jfay, 1956 Page 1
Right-to-work laws promise to be a major campaign
issue in the coming presidential election. No doubt the
newly-wedded AFL-CIO will wield its tremendous
political power against these laws, while proponents
of such laws will be equally vigorous in their support.
In the tradition of Facts Forum this vital and controversial
question is examined from opposing points of view.
Are "Right-to-Wor "'
M .\:\'Y people regard the current
movements toward compulsor}
union membership as
''ayward cancer cells, spreading
malignantly through the bloodstream
of America.
One newspaper has labeled compulsory
unionism "depersonalization."'
Submergence of self is another wav of
putting it. To join or not to join .:_ it
seems that this will no longer be the
question if unions have their way.
Workers will be forced to join a union.
It has been said that unscrupulous
politicians, gangsters, and some labor
leaders are banding together in an
ever-increasing manner. Losers from
such an alliance are, first, the workers;
and, second, the public at large."
,\.hen the time comes that a worker
cannot work at a job C\cept by belonging
to a union, with subsequent
support of same, he becomes, in effect,
a ,·ictim of "government without consent
of the governed.":!
Granted, union membership hy
compulsion does make the union
strong. At the same time this captive
membership makes it possible for
unions to e\pand and pursue courses
,,·hich may be at variance with the
.. :\ [ al~orin'! \fnn Look-, nt Lahor," by Jo-.eph
\. lhnl, 1Jw TalJld, \IM. J9, 19.3:'5.
, .. Forced \ft·mht·"'hip Sh·,ll'i Your Frf-e1lc)m"
pamphlt t i'>"i tu-cl h~ ,.1tion,\l l\iR:ht to \\'ork C.'• o~mittt--
e, not d.1kd, p. J:).
"'J h• (',1 f" for \'olnnt.try Unioni,m." p.tmphld
i~ u~<l h\ Cha ml t:'r of C:omnu·rc.·t· of tht• l° uikd
~to.le • \\ hmgton 6, D. C .• not d.1h:d, p. 8.
Page 2
say those who feel that compulsory unionism is
other name for creeping communism. Arguments
those favoring right-to-work Jaws are as foli0
workers' viewpoints. Compulsory
unionism vests great power in a few.
_\nd, while labor unions have many
great and honest leaders, they have
also small and dishonest ones. While
good leaders may build might) machines
for worthy purposes, bad leaders
may later operate them with evil
intent. All thev need is the chance.
\'oluntary unionism is the best defense
against bad operation. 1
Critics cite, to illustrate how far the
unions have come - the wrong way
- an excerpt from Samuel Gompers'
final presidential addrC'ss to the AFL
Com ention, El Paso, Texas, 1924:
... I want to urge ckrntion to the fundamentals
of human liberty - the prindpl!'s
of \'Oluntarism. l\'o compulsion. 1f WC" S<·C'k
to force, we b11t tear apart th,1t which,
unitt•d, is invinc:iblc ...
It may be hard for many to believe
that this ''as the message of Gompers,
that "Grand Old \Ian" of Labor. Compare
that approach to the unions of
today, which, some allege, are getting
fat and happy on the sweat of the
workers.
Again, from the speech of Gompers:
So long as we haYe lwld fast to Yolunt,
iry prindpl<·s and ha,·c been act11ated
and inspired hy thC' spirit of servic<', Wl'
ha\'t.' sustain<'d our fonvard pro~n·ss and
we han• madt• our L..thor mo\ ('lllC'nt son)(•·
thin~ to he r"s1wct!'d and accorded a plac<'
••· l'he C.\<;(• for \'ol1111t.Hy l'11innhm," iv1lH·d hy
Ch.1mhn of Comrnn<-r ,,£ tlw l ' nikd .St.th-.;, \\"o,hiui;:
ton fi, D. C., not d.1ktl, p. 9.
in the comwils of our Rcp11hlic-. \ \ 'her<' M AG1
have bl11ndcn·d into trying to fore<' ,, r ne1
icy or a dt'cision, even though wisr
right, we haw impeded, if not intern11'1 lircd "t \~o
tlw realization of our aims. I 'o sp kn pi
... Base yo11r all upon vol11ntar) I litt] ~a -, n
lh e 1t. Tl dplcs. . . . at ti
It seems to he the consensus ( Sib! ie la] tainly a revolutionary consens11s h·"•' neg · to ~
day that a citizen has to belong .10
J1 f?vteo~~g a~
pay union dues to a labor organiz s f
in order that he may be pennit1'
1 Often ° 1.m
work and earn his livclihood.
1
1aid oc 101
tenet is contrary to our free ( 1
1 ~0\\larcl rB~
cratic system of government. JtJI amp·
lates individual freedom and r1¢ 1
1 i'•im ir~ wl
choice, and it is uneonstitu ti•o 11·:1J I 11Jn'".. d' IfS !
well. Economic slavery might ,vt-r "'~of lif~
the lC'rm applied to forcing a ptr 10
to join an organization in or cir ~tt~.' 1• mse xopfl a
enjoy tlw privilege of working.r. . t th~ain bac
Soml' declare that not onl} dorf •nging Ct.
violate the constitutional rights ~1, , llte P•"t
people, hut it may well perP. 'ast h
l l •r' .,., c an~
f)arasitic union contro mem Jl ·,!' • ne d
1oncst or not. And, worst of nl!·.~1 tlie h, orniJ
tJv ~~ t I~e. irr
there is littlt• nationwide opposi I , •blhousan,
this social "disease," our kdcnt 1r l:iit 1shrni·n
ernment, too often the. tool of
0
; 'J'~~rts oft
sure groups, has fallen m with tit < d· 1ndivi
ized labor, state laws notwithst<l11j, ''1lc~'tinct di•
As a matter of fact, the tcnclcnc' 1 'a~('!"}' ton
courts to rule that states will 1(1 ,
1, l'J • 10urs
hihited from enacting labor ;;r ~ll}~1 ~ time
tion where the federal govern111£;, r.~an \V(
(Conti1wctl '"' ers, n
to"Thf> Right to \\'ork." puhJi..,Ju·d hp. ( ~ ~i.a:~L_~o \\·
H.il.(ht to \Vork Com1111tkt". \\'1t<;hi11cton. ~ ,, > >, \'ol
FACTS Fonl '1 '\ n 1 s. \Ill!/· J ~l"ts Font·.
EXPLANATION OF TERMS
1. CLOSED SHOP: Employees ore required to be union
members ot time of hiring ond must remoin in good
stonding during employment period.
workers who neC?d not bC?come union members.
2. MAINTENANCE OF MEMBERSHIP : Union members must
remoin members lin good stondingl for agreement
duration.
5. UNION SECURITY: Provided in o union employer contract
that union membership is o condition of employment.
3. MODIFIED UNION SHOP: Employees who were hired
before union shop was established will not be required
to join the union.
6. UNION SHOP: Employees need not be union members
when hired, but must join union, usually within 30 to
60 days, and remain union members through duration
of employment.
4. PREFERENTIAL HIRING: Union members hired when
available. When unovoiloble, employer may hire other
7. UNION SHOP WITH PREFERENTIAL HIRING : Agreement
sets forth that union members shall be given
employment preference, or that union shall do hiring.
~r WS Right?
onism is 0
rgumeo11
as foll0"
say those who contend that right-to-work laws will
wreck labor unions, with worke rs a s the ultimate
losers. This rea soning is given be low:
"'·\\·her< l\f ACAZlNE and press propo-
' fof<'e '1 r nents of right-to-work laws,
1g+1 wisl'' tir .. \~or k"m g o,,vcr t'1 mc on th c i· r
t intcrrut to etl tnpewritcrs, have gathered, so
•tuntar.r 1 I littJP~ak, not to praise labor but lo bcth;
i e •t. They would hav<' one believe
scnsus (' si'b!te t he labor movement is not rcsr)on-nscnsus
brj . to a considerable degree for
to tefnging about social and economic
elon!( · 1V Jj1
• 0trns and hclpincr to enrich the
organtZ• 1 es f '"'
)crmitlt oft 0 millions of Americans. \Vith
i 11 00(1. 1 sa1·"~, n odious and indelicate phrasings free d• to., Proponents direct attention
l<'nl. 11
1
' Varn ar~J Big Labor, that monstrous
lnd rW ~lu; Ptr~ wh.ich, the ubiquitous "t~c(
"t tio11.1l hl0o~' is siphoning away the ltfo s
:
1
]\ ,vcII IVay of democracy, of our American
tg i ·1 IJ( .,, of life.
1. g •o rder 1 tla•iron explain how unfounded ar<' the
'.~\, 6 te11 .s of union security c!C'tractors,
;;• ~ioc' ~ tha~1 ~ background data about our
·iihts of lbg'.ng cultural scene arc important :
perprl1 Vas c Past hundred years have w1tni·ssecl
, ihcr>-' lb t change in typ<•s of employment.
'
1£ ·ill ~· th. he dominant typ<• of business today is
0 ' ·itiO'' ~ 1 uge, impersonal corporation employPIJ°
s .. ,l ~ "t•h!housands of workers, frequently in
e( Cl f I <111 P •shm!'nts that arc located in diffcr-
)01 O of~ l'h~rts of !ht• country. . .
with 1 I q· . ind1v1cl11al worker on his own is at
ithst11t1\ ~nq disadvantage in trying to influ-denc~
1 '•Re he <'Omp,1ny's decision regarding his
1Vitl bC I l'Ji s, hours and working condi tions.'
or le~ ·~!tier<: time was when the bulk of
·rnn1t;1 l;i~·an workers were self-employed
·d "" '' Crs, mechanics, etc. They were
~ .... itJ•ht
h, lfJ .. ~o \\:ork l .1'"~." Fact.r F<>rurn Ncw1,
~ », \"ol. 1.
~(1\ F
OHL:\1 -. ws, ,Uoy, 1956
their own bosses; tlwv worked the
hours whieh suited them best. ow,
however, culture changes have shrunk
rural employment and rural population,
and enlarged urban population
and urban employment. Some 80 per
cent of the present working population
consists of those who work for
wages. The remainder arc either sclfemployed
or arc employers."
In view of the foregoing pcrccntag('
S one may sec that four out of five
workers are dependent on employers
for jobs. And, working for the cmploy<'
r, they are subject to his working
conditions and schcd11lcs. The individual
is, in the main, all but ll<'lpless in
trying to influence the <'mploy<'r in
matters of salary, hours, etc. \Vithout
union security he might as well joust
with windmills as try to influence Big
\lanagcmC'nt. He is Forc<'d to accept
salary and working conditions which
arc thrust on him by his !'mployer. II!'
is, in brief, a puppet on a string, to he
dangl<'d at will by a possible big,
bullying management, a management
which may well treat him with polite
inconsideration and be attentively indilTerent
to his outraged outcries.
This is where the union comes in.
Through organizational strength the
union speaks for the individual worker
and lC'nds the strength he lacks.
Through the union he is strong
t-'Thr lliL!ht-to-\\'ork ContrO\-<'"'Y·" I~a1Jor's Economlr
RcL it'u:, J.111uary, J 9:36, \'ol. I.
enough to "stand up and he counted."
This was recogniz('d in the \Vagner
Act. Also, it was carried in Section 1
of the Taft-Hartley Act:
£,perienec has proYccl that protection
by laws of the right of emplorecs to organize
and bargain rollccti\·cty saft'guards
commerce from injury, impairment, or interruption,
and promotes the flow of commerce
by rcmo\'ing certain recognized
sources of industrial strife and unrest, by
eneouraging practices fundamental to the
frimdly adjustnwnt of industri.11 disputes
arising out of dilfcrcnccs as to wagcs,
hours, or othl'r worling conditions, and by
restoring equality of bargaining power
b!'twccn cmploycrs and cmployccs.
The banding together for mutual
protection and advancement goes
hack a number of vcars. Since the
Civil \Var, farmers · have organized
into associations and cooperatives,
seeking help from the government and
stabilization of markets. Also, the
American Bar Association is another
example, as well as the American
;\Jedical Association, to which almost
all physicians belong. The union shop
developed in the printing trade before
the Civil \Var.3
This, then, is why unions regard the
st.1tcs' rights-to-work laws as an unnecessary
evil. These laws prevent
(Continued Oil Page 5)
--::::f1i<' Hieht-to-\Vork Contro,·N'Sf," Labor's Economic
Reriew, January, J 9.56, Vol. I.
0 U. S. D<:pt. of Labor, Bur<'~m '!( Labor Stn~isti<:"
ll, Ext('nt of Colkctit·c Bar,.:ammg and Union
lfc<·ognition, 19-16, Bulletin No. 909.
Page 3
fs
ing
e
tu (Continued from Page 2)
already taken legislative action. Additionally,
state laws are the No. 1 target
of national labor unions.
It is said that if union officials are
allowed to have their way, the sixty
million working people in this country,
two-thirds of whom belong to no
union, will eventually be able to keep
no job without a union's say-so. Call
it social dictatorship or whatever - in
this case a thorn by any other name is
still a thorn. There will be both economic
and political domination of the
country. Especially is this tme since
the marriage of AFL and CIO. And
now the wary wonder whether a cretin
offspring will inherit the earth,
literallv.
The 'newlyweds have announced, as
objectives, a repeal of the 18-state
right-to-work laws, as well as amendment
of the Taft-Hartley Act. And, if
the wedded bliss continues, the country
may well "enjoy" an unofficial
labor dictatorship.
The farnrite argument of union officials
against a man who works at a
job and accepts raises, bettered working
conditions, etc., secured for him
bv the union to which he does not
belong, is that he is a "free rider."
This, most agree, is a half-truth, cleverly
camouflaged more often than not
by ernsive gobbledygook. Ile is no
more a free rider than is the man who
benefits from the work of various charity,
community and religious organizations
to which he has contributed
nothing.
By the same token, state the scoffers,
could not unions themselves be
termed "free riders"? Certainly they
pay no taxes, but they receive governmental
services through the medium
of any one of a number of agencies.
The "free rider" thing was backhanded
by the Supreme Court of
'ebraska in a decision that the union
shop contract between the Union
Pacific Railroad and several railroad
unions was illegal, this under the First
Amendment to the Constitution. The
Court made the following statement:
Assuming it would be reasonable to require
free riders to pay their proportionate
share of the cost of collective bargaining
... we do not think the means selected
has any real and substantial relation to
the object sought to be obtained.
First, and primarily ... his right to join
or not to join a union, has no relationship
to the object sought, and, second, by requirinp;
him to pay initiation feC"s, du('S
and ass!'ssnwnts, he is required to pay for
many things besides the cost of collective
bargaining.•
Taking note of the fact that unions
had welfare Funds, participated in lobbying
and political activities, etc.,
which were not directly associated
with collective bargaining per se, the
Court said:
In some instances, compulsory mcmb('rship
would c·ompd support, financial and
otlwrwis<'. of poli<'i<-S which an employ<'e
might cl"""' objc•<'tionahle from the standpoint
of fre<' go\'{'rnment and the liberties
of the individual under it.
To eompd an c•mployec to make involuntar}'
contributions, from his compc>nsation,
for such purposc•s is a taking of his
propc·rty without due• process of law.'
It is common knowledge that, as a
rule, the employer who forces compulsory
unionism on a minority of his
employees doesn't like the task. Ile
docs this to placate the unions, so
that he may stay in business.
Leaders of labor unions realize that
mass picketing has been prohibited by
fl"The Rie:ht to \Vor1c "'ational ~C'wsletter," Amt.
t.5, 19.5.!J, Vol. I, '.\:o . . 5, puhli~h<"d by thf" ~ational
Rie:ht to \Vork Committ('<', \\'nshington, D. C.
Tfbfrl.
WIOI-" WOHl.D PHOTO
The late Samuel Gompers, AFL's "grand old man of labor," testify-ing
before a House Judiciary Committee. Against compulsory union-ism,
Gompers soid, " ... Bose your all upon voluntary principles."
state law in many places, and th "!A_
picketing always leads to violcnc 't<J
evertheless, they go ahead with th
mass demonstrations, wanting t
frighten the workers who wish to rt tinions lJ
turn to work. In times past some e1T 1n any 01
ployers used to intimidate workers 1 In actua
the use of "goon squads." The courl 10 low-\1
punished them for this. But no,1 they hav
days labor unions are so strong th coinmurn
they are almost above the law; th ing stant
can threaten to defeat mayors n. State r
governors if they use public authorit ~Urse, st
to put down violence.8 rights me
Paradoxically, America spends TJl ~Uthority
lions on defense, and it spends gr eminent 1
sums checking security risks. Yet tnaintaini
seems unperturbed by the fact th: settled in
thousands of citizens are losing th t The e1
civil liberties one by one. erininol
... One simple amendment to the Ta ~~hts as l
Hartley Act (repeal of the section kno" isguisei
as 14-B) would remove the states' righ' 110uld cm
to pass and enforce Hight to \Vork L;1" ;1strictior
and would wipe out the laws in all eight ley wou
<'<'n statc•s. It shou
... The big labor union lcackrs, "'' national
fon·<•d in their gil'(antic political p0'1 l'Con
through tlw ... AFL and C!O merg tii;h Omic
an· dC'tc·rminc·d to seek this amcndml'nt h;; tto-w
Taft-llartl<·y in the next Congress ... ' fi • Orty-t•
llris huv
The Right Honorable Lord Tust lllarket ~
Denning, Lord Justice of Appenl. 1n v · · -
En",.,l ancl, in a speech before a Phf <fli(f aa risoeuesr
delphia session of the American i/lge of i
Association, said that, although t~J , IVs With
unions in both om countries pro,·1 Od the ni,
workmen with greater bargaio' t'>o A. favor
power, they also led to the cl0" nents ol
shop. And a man had no right to 11 ' ~man nc
there unless he was a member of :i r loh d '
1 I A cl h h 01 lio oesn
ti cu ar trac c union. n t is, c PI 11n ns, or if
eel out, led to private tribunals '1f i ''lhsatisfact
there was no recourse to courts o er
when a man was punished. He rl1 ~nh nt.im
the following statements: 'ltiitf)PY ' llt;it.h -ct I
When a man joins a trade union hi th· c hk1
hound by the mies. They are said to J-1 t" IS is
contract between the men themselvr> "r/Ot1s wo
between them and the union. But the~. "',·lten<'r pa
in no sense a contract freely ncgot1at i~ .. ter ho·
man must acec·pl them or go without 'It}
p I oyment.. . . ~ ''\\·nlout u1
l suggest that where the law foils s ~ "Ver puny
is that it puts too much emphasis on ~"t Or an
supposc·d contract between the man lliin <lro11nd
his union and too little emphasis 00 lhi\ )(s he
right to work. ~the \\·o~ke
... II is right to work is left o?';.J t'l\'Jr cril's,
maraud .. rs. If he is wrongfully deprI'. (:;;rl Y disti
his ril'(ht to work, the courts should 111
S of
v<·nc· to protc('t him. They should als0 lt · man
1>1 '" 15 trct him against wrongful exclusion · ·•ed C·'X tr
union." the . CXC'cu
· r1 h
Lord Justice DC'nning quotedf ~side)(Jot~k,
Charles Geddes, chairman of thC , ~hn 1vh0 is
ish Trade Unions Congress, as s:ii· liII ll'lay la
(Continued on r~ f,,l't neccss
•"'Wr•Hn•hou r Mm Pickri. Cnllrd FfJ'f ~~l;d job?
Ri~hts." hy Da\"icl Lnwr('nce, N. Y. tfrrO l 1t"i\' One tr,
Jnmuuy 4. 19.56. (If; 1<)C'rahJc
.. 'The HiRht to \Vork - n Il;t'iic Mo~ol. 1
11_i 111 ndclr hy E. S. DillMd, Chairm;\11, ~ati0 ..: •_it
to \Vork CommittN'. f" :="% ·., Cn~,. A.
1'""J0<' Hiu:ht to Work N':'ttionril Sew<lrttf' ~ 1 >' Cont:~
195.'), \'ol. I, 1';o. 6, \\.'n'ihington, D. C. 10,d ,,.,C' not
Cm1ti11ucd from Page 3)
s, and tlw
to violcnc
.d with tht1
.vanting t
wish to r :inions from extending. They hamper
•t some c1 1n ~ny one of a large number of ways.
workers l n ,1ctuahty these laws arc conducive
The cou :h low-wage incomes. And as such
But no" ey have a bad effect on 'the entir~
strong t h ic oin mum.t y. Low wages mean low liv-e
law; th ng standards.'
mayors a~ State right-to-work laws im olve of
lie authortt Course, states' rights. Jn essence st;tcs'
tights means an i.s sue of govcrnm' ent·1l
1 auu . •
spenc s fll cm tonty between the federal gov-pends
g~r ~cnt and the states with the shtcs
·is ks. Y ct maintaining tllat the fssuc should' be
1e fact settled in their favor.
losing th te:h? entire thing is a matter of
ti l~~nology .. For cxam1~lc, states' df ts .as such m laJ;>or relations merely
11.~gu1scs. Esscnt1ally, these rights
t• ul.d empower the states to add state
th-e1 tncri ons t o t I1 osc o f t I1 e federal Jaw;
1
Y would be in addition to them.r.
lcadNs, re1 naJ should be obvious .to all that a
litical IJO" l'(: on.ii economy rcquJTCS national
CIO mC'r~ tiglnomic policies. If all states adopt
mcndment ~ f t-to-w?rk laws, there might well
'!ress .. . ' fitni ~rty-e1ght clilfcrcnt Ja,vs. atfr>nal
· l Tusti< Illa k buy and sell in the national
f~oArc .1ppc,· 1 . ih·• vra c·t . .\.f t.1 ltiplant . firms ' with plants plll nf nous states, might well run afoul
~~~i~an Pod a see?1ingly. nightmarbh hodgeh
l tr·· la1 ge ~f mdustnal relations. lix state
_ oug
1
0d,1.. 'hdvs h11·1th an additional federal hw
1es pr " t e · I 1 ' •
bargai111 A. f· n1~ 1tmare wou d become real.
the c]o" Jlonen'lvorite. argument of those pro
«rht to ,,, il"' ts of right-to-work laws is that
i,., · " 1an ncccl · · ·r J · her of a Jl' lnb d , . , s no union security. J 11s
iis he 1J01 ti00 ocs':1 t come up to his expcctau~
als ,,1i1 11n1~ti~r if the work.mg conditions arc
:ourts of 11ther ~ actory, or 1f t~1crc '.Ire any
cl. He rn· ''nha lJmh~rs o~ 1~ays m which he is
'!''itl Ppy with his ]Oh - why let him
t 1~t·hLe~ him move on to an~ther job
1'! . e likes better.
~'ti lls is a ridiculous philosophv. A
~(·~lls Worker knows he will fine! no
lllittner pastures over the next hill no
I ' er J . ' Yitho lO\~ many hills he crosses.
''"'ll tit un10~ strength to bolstC'r his
~\'~r runy might, he could wait for~('
t a or an indulgent management to
lhin round to giving him some of the
this gs he lwlievcs he deserves. But
''th~r\\~o~kcr's weak cry, joined with
(:q_lilv r~es.' coi:nhinc to form a shout
t•rs ·
0
f distm((111shed by the sensitive•
It . management.
•ticd15 ('Xtremely ('asy for a high-sal~
lre ri eh<'cutivc to he objective about
:nside gl ts ?f workers - he is on the
·~;1n \ hoo~mg out. But what of the
~ho~ o is on th<' outside looking in,
rkiJ1 ay lack the formal education or
~trednc.ccssary to holcl down a prc'~
ly 0~oh? Perhaps .this man knows
''nii l C' trade, and it woulcl 11ork a
1
( <'rahlc hardship on him ancl his
~rti;°(!' Aeal1Ht "Rii!llt-t'!-\\'ork /,_au.:\" puhttitl,,
t~« -~1•11~r!.,,mJ).~·r~1t11~tu\tn.d Or~.tn11:.1ti;m, not
'\111s, .\lay. 19.56
Wlf>E WORl.D rHOTO
Secretory of labor Jomes Mitchell. Mitchell, at
a Cl~ notional convention, defended compulsory
unionism and condemned state lows prohibiting
such a policy.
family to quit his job and move to
another location.
}.Jotives for having right-to-work
la1~·s are leg_ion. States often pass antiu111on
laws m order to attract indush·y
their way. B~ maintaining a low-wage
are'.1, they thmk they can lure industry
their way hy. an anti-union Circe song.
Industry wluch does this can make a
"killing" by manufacturing in a lowwagc
area and selling in a high-wage
area. For this reason, perhaps, the
South offers considerable inducement
with its right-to-work laws. This may
h(• a contributing factor in the increasing
industrialization of the South. Also,
the absence of anti-injunction laws
may he a factor in the growth in
so11tlwrn developments."
An editorial in an Oklahoma newspaper
statccl that Texas and Arkansas
arc attracting around ten times as
many industries as Oklahoma. It
stated, further, that these states had
no more to offer industry than Oklahoma
- in fact they were inferior in
some respects. The reason advanced
ror this was that Oklahoma doesn't
ha\'(' laws assuring industry that unions
will not impede them. The article
pointed up that Oklahoma couldn't
('OmJWtl' \\'ith its neighboring states,
nor \\'ith other states which had rightto
work lcgislation.1
That right-to-work laws arc low\\'
ag<' la"s is more or less self evident.
011r nation is in need of a high wage
('('onomv. Our country has had an all
h11t unlimited procluctivc potential.
But more important is the maintc-
()uolt•cl in Okl.thomn Still<• lndu\lri.tl tTnion
Cmrn<·il. CIO, J\ l .q~al, F:nnwmic mid StatiHirnl
.\1irt<t1J of So-Ct1ll<·d ''lliglit-to- \\ 'ork" l .. e1-:i~lt1tlo11
J) , 16. t
nance and increase of consumption.
If we do not have cmplo) mcnt at high
wages, we cannot find buvers.8
A depression cycle comes when
wages fall and consumption su bscquently
falls. The states themselves
bear out this tenet - high-wage states
are prosperous, and low-wage sta tcs
are not. Further, the tenet is borne out
by countries of Europe. Itah· and
France, even with the United ·states'
aid, are always hm·ing economic difficulty.
England has fared better because
wages have climbed.
According to law, it is the union's
responsibility to sec that there are
peaceful settlements of grievances,
and tht~t the work is carried out. Surely
the umon cannot do these things adequately
if it does not have full control
of all the workers and can insure managcmen
t that non-union members
\\'On't stop work, violating the union
workers' contract. Also, to those \\'ho
criticize the power of unions, they
must realize that unions have to haYe
power to discipline 11·orkcrs who violate
their contract.9 Thus, if thl're is
a minority of non-union members, thcv
may \\'ell keep the union in hot \\'ater.
The ational Planning Association
pointed out that emplovers saw advantages
in bargaining ·with a wclldisciplined
union, and were prone to
encourage workers to join such an
organization. •o
\Vhcn the union has a closed shop,
there is elimination of friction to a
marked degree. There is no competition
between diverse labor groups. '\o
two or more unions "ill be \\'Orking
the same side of the street, so to speak.
The result of such competition would
be unrest among the cmploycl's. \lanagemcnt,
too, would suffer from such
a situation.
\Vith a closed shop the union 11·01ilcl
he in a better position to bargain "ith
management. It would not hm c to
seek to impress the workers and subsequently
get them to join the union
hy showing how strong thcv were hv
wangling new concessions from ma1iagcmcnt.
A strong union, flrmlv entrenched,
would not ha,c to hl'. constantly
proving its strength. Its
strength would alreadv he a matter of
record. Also, it would not seek new
advantages when business conditions
did not warrant it. Too, the workers
themselves would feel that thcv had a
personal interest in their jobs, inasmuch
as they had a voice in their
\\'Orking conditions. 11
(Co11ti11ucd 01i Page 7)
, Tiie Ca.fc Ai;minst .. Ric11t-to-\\'ork" T.ain, puh!
J~~(~:i•, ~: 2~~ngress of lndmtri<ll Qq,::aniz;.ttiom, not
D
P(:old<'n & Rutt!'nhNJ:?, Dynamics of lml1Htridl
fmorrac11, p. 212 ( 19-12).
1"C'auu.t of Jndmtrial Prn('(' l:tll/1 r Collrcti1 e
fff,?{~)1 ~11i,: - F1mdanunt11l cif /.alwr Pc11n·, p. 7 t
11Studi<·s in Pt-~onnt·I PoHcv ,o, 12, T110 Clo cd
S/Jop ( 1939). pp. 6-7. .
Page 5
~ e4 (Contmucd from Page 4)
I do not bdicvc the trade union mornment
of Great Britain can live for H:ry
muc:h longer on the basis of compulsion.
\lust people hdong to us or stan·e,
whether they like our policies or not? Is
that to be the future of the movement?
:\o. I believe the trade union card is an
honor to be conferred, not a badge which
signifies that you haH.· got to do something
whether >·ou like it or not."
Speaking to the same group, i\1r.
J. C. Gibson, vice president an? general
counsel of the Santa Fe railroad,
said:
... Compulsory union mt·mbcrship ...
rt·fll'cts an aw~tn:rn:ss of a threat to our
free way of life inherent in compdling a
man to join a pri\ ate organization before
he can hold any sort of job in industry ...
1 Ic:rc, as in cn.•ry other instance through
the centuries, an attempt is being made to
justify the deprivation of individual liberty
on the grounds that it is in the best interests
of ewryone, including those whose
rights arc being curtailed or taken away.
But in this casl', as in so many others, the
reasons adhtnc:ccl are insuffic:icnt.L
Fred A. Hartle>, Jr., president of
The. ' ational Hight to Work Committee
and co-author of the Taft-I Iartley
Act, declared that compulsory unionism
is the cancer of the labor movement.
To avoid dictatorship he emphasized
that our country must stop
compulsory unionism. Ile said that
union shop with control of the working
man "increases the power of the
union leaders over the politicians ...
The drive for compulsion is a drive for
power. The demands of some union
leaders are insatiable .... They want
e\·cntuallv to control cvcrvthing and
ever. bod~- ... "' 3 •
One application for union membership
read much like a giant giveaway
of rights. Exacting, in essence, bhnd
obedience, it authorized the union to
act for the worker before any committee,
board, court or other tribunal in
anv wav that affected his employee
st~itus. ~lore, it represented and bound
him in the prosecution, adjustment
and settlement of all kinds - in short,
stripped him of all personal rights and
free will.
There arc Pightpcn states which
ha\·e right-to-work laws. Twl'lve of
them have banned forced membership
in unions since 1947. Their contention
is that these laws protect the rights of
their citizens to work, and they may or
ma\· not choose to belong to a union,
as thev prefer.
Of those twch·cs states which have
hanned forced union membership
since 19-17, all either match or exceed
uuThe Ri!.!ht to \\'ork ':ltional '\(•\\<.;lt·th'r," Oct.,
llJll. \ o l. I, :\o. (;, \\ .l,hllll!ton. D. C.
/111d
~ \u ·u~ta ( Ga. ) Claroniclt>, O<:t. 19, 19)3.
Page 6
Former Representative Fred A. Hartley, Jr., and
the late Senator Robert Taft, ca-authors al the
Taft-Hartley Bill, curbing lobar unions. Hartley
is now president al the National Right ta Wark
Committee.
national average gains in retail sal~s,
bank savings accounts, p~r c~p1ta
earnings, private auto reg1strat10ns,
total firms in operation, and a number
of others. These twelve states are
Texas, Virginia, Tennessee, South
Dakota, orth Dakota, Arkansas, Arizona
Florida, Georgia, Iowa, cbraska
and orth Carolina (Florida
since 1944). The six other states arc
South Carolina, Utah, Alabama, Louisiana,
~lississippi and 'evada. These
have passed laws since 1947, an~ g~vcmmcnt
statistics arc hardly significant
enough as yet to prove anything.
Those in favor of right-to-work laws
do not claim that they are solely
responsible for the above ~ains, hut
ccrtainlv the laws were an important
factor, they state. .
Fortv vcars ago Justice Charles
Evans Jlughcs, in Tn1ax vs. Raich, 239
U.S. 3.3 ( 1915), stated:
lt requin·s no argument to show that
the right to work for a living in the common
oc:<.:upations of the ('OJllm11nity is of
the very css,.nC<' of tll(' personal freedom
and opportunity that it was the purpose
of the Anwndnwnt to S{'(:un•.
The Amendment Ju:;ticc Hughes referred
to was the Fourtcc•nth.
'ot onlv are such rights provided
for in our' constitution, hut the) arc
recognized in the Cnivcrsal Declaration
of Human Ri~hts, approved b~
the Gc'ncral Asscmblv of the United
Nations in 194S. Section 1 of Article
2.'3 states:
EH•ryom• has the• right to work, to fr!'c
ehoit<' of employment, to just and farnr.
tb1e ('Onditions of work, and to protel'tion
~tg:ainst un<·mploynu·nt.
Article 20 pro\idcs the following:
u• Thi· Lt· ,\l nnd \lor.\I B.1 .. 1 of llic:ht to \\'ork
La" , di.,trihutt-d h\. Thi• \;,1tio11.ll Hic:ht to \\ 'ork
Comnntlt·t•, \\' .1 hinR;IOll, I>. C ., p. 9 .
l. EH:ryom• has thl' right to frt.·('(lom r
p<·ac<·ful ass(:1nbl} and assodation.
:!. :\o 011e may h<• eompdkd to hdoi
to an asst>dation.
In 1941 President Roosevelt sn1
that the government would nc\
force workers to join a union. "Thnt
he stated, "would be too much like ti
Hitler methods toward labor.""•
Powerful labor officials can, ovc
night, bring about an economic cri'.
Tlwy can stop production of \·ital 1111
crals and metals and can stall tr<ll
portation: By the same token, \~or~<
ma\ he forced into mcmlJC'rsh1p 111
union that is Communist-domim1t<
The workers will not be able to otv
leaders \\ho the\' believe are not lo~
to our country.· These union leadc
in the main, arc doubtless loyal \111•
icans hut the labor movcnwnt has 1
bee·~' a bl,, to weed out all those
do~1bt!ul loyalty. Thus, ~ompulsk1,
un1ornsm g1Yes the Amcnc,m \\Of
no choice' hut to belong to sucl.1
union; either that or forfeit his J'
Too, no matter how abo\'C'lmard
man mav be, it is a matter of rccO
that late;· some stronger man will r•
to dominate his group. \Ir. E. S. 1
lard, Chairman, 'ational Right
\Vork Committee, stated in an ·
dress:
If a labor union is op!'rat!'cl on di<
torial prindplt•s, it soon hC'comes anotl
foundation stone in hui~ding ·~ typ<.'. of.S!Jl
('rnnwnt op<.'rakd on d1ctatonal pnnc1P
If w<' do not halt the spr<'nd of eoin1'
sion in this Fidel - compulsion und<'r whtL
tlw righb of th<' individual an· sacrifil 1
for the "good" of the state (that "g<•
hein,g dl'termi1wd by onf' or a small μn
of k-a<krs) - tlu·n we will hid our ,~·.
pditin· frt.•(• t:nll'rprisl' systl'm good 1
and sac:rifit·e our freedom 01.1 th(~ alt•1#
stupidity, manag:t·tnf.'nt a\ ari<.·t• and l
ardic.:f.'.
Unions, in their publications .'
1 othl'rwis<', do their utmost to con"~
workl'rs that a union shop is for t
benefit instC'ad of the benefit of nil'
officials. IIo\\'cvcr, ·~ mere c~ne-fol~
of American labor 1s urnon1zed. rt
obvious that the other thre<'~fo1111 feel that th<'} have little to gain f
unions.
\Ir. Dillard n•marked further:
It is rl('itlwr fair, Anwrit'an, nor c<ui·
t11tional to plaL·t• a dl'dsion ('Oll<'f~1
fund,rn1t"ntal ptrsonal lihcrtit'S and 1
'id11al rights in the hands of other>·
A111<·ric.rn historv and all hi1.,tor~
pron·d tlw princ:ipit• that "th<" m<"1 n~
fi<·s tlw t·ncl" to be tlw 1nost iniquitoll"
cL.tngt•rous pr<'n·pt affecting: the inl'-''
of both the indi' idual and th<' whok ~
m11nitv. That is th(• Communist d~K
- tht' ~dot trint• of c·ornpl<:tt• immornlit~
total disn·gard of Christi.in prindpkf
tlw rij.{hts and cli~nitv of thl' indi' ic ll·
(co111i1111cd "" f•'
1 ~~.'.'/;!;: ~\i~I~; to \\'ork - a Bohic \lor.\1 1" 1
addr<.· In: I', S. Dill.trd, Cluirrn,\11 , ,,11 11111'
to Work C:om111itkt.
11/hid.
FACT~ Fom \! '\1rns, \JO!/· j
The a
fold. F1
in ccrta
What th
ers.
... /
lion, thE
hide th
ret·ruit t
tific con
th<· emp,
site skill
Skillet
P<:di!Jou
the unio
iob. This
forc:c in
rt·gion, 1
"·orkers 1
"tt. It is
do this o1
t«nce of
~('f\•i(:(• l
d1iner>· ii
\s for
11·ho doe:
reaps all
1ccurcs f1
as a frl'c
reaping \I
is compa1
Commun ii
•s his nci
1'he no
regarded
•nl{ ncitli
l·1·
\\
1Joys all
\\· orsc, sc
0rkcrs 1r
~t·n want
c 1P privi
an get th
Trade u
carry on
1•~n'·''1 llb er p.
in u ~ass
I this \\,
11ncr \ ion.
th· lanv 111
'Ose \Vho
\stelativc
llJ. for \VO "'hre than
~· en he r
P<~rk and
~ IOr boy. I
1.. ~as los
•I• limo. I 1. n1a
1'11tch in
th he rig)
ili~Ught of
th,/ llligh1
hr·e a. man
liia kr1der. ,
r ''d tha
c~ fn.•t:dom < I t1on.
<·cl to belon
>SC\'C It sa1
ould nc'
ion. "That
uch like ti
>Or."tri
can, ovr
iomic cri~
Jf vital n1i
stall tnll'
.en, worke
>ership in
-dominat
lble to 01
.re not lo~
ion Jeack
!oval i\!111
1ent has 11
111 those
·ompuJso1
can work'
to such
'cit his i~
vehoard
•r of rc'CI'
1an will f1
•. E. S. P:
I Right
in an .i
eel on did
!tll('S anotl
typ<' of~·
al principl
of con1111
under wh
tr<.' sacrifit
that "wJCI'
small W"'
id our cc
·m goodb'
the alt.1r
•e and ti.'I
?t.o (Continued from Page 5)
The advantages of a union are manifold.
For example, the union hall is,
in certain industries, to union workers
What the employment office is to others.
... Aside from every other consideration,
tlw union is essentially the only vehicle
through which the employer can
recruit the labor force he needs for a spetifie
contract. It is virtually impossible for
the employer to get workers of the requi••
te skill from the labor market at large ...
Skilled craftsm{'ll cannot be secured ex-l><:
ditiously in any usable quantity unless
the union direds workers to a particular
JOb. This din•ction may im·olve the labor
forec in a particular craft for a whole
rt•gion, as when several thousand iron
Workers arc needed on a large-scale projl'<
t. It is nupossible for the contractor to
do this on his own or even with the assistance
of the United States Employment
Sl'rvkt.• unless the union recruiting ma(:
hinery is utilize<l. 1
h
As for the worker in a union shop
iv o doesn't join the union, yet who
reaps all the benefits which the union 1ccures for its members, he is known
<ls a free rider and a chiseler. He is
reaping where he has not sown.'" This 15
colllparablc with a man living in a
t111llmunity and refusing to pay taxes, •s his neighbors have to do.
t The non-union employee might he
egarclcd as parasitic. lie spins not,
~~d neither docs he weave, yet he
\\~Joys all the union-bought benefits.
11.
0 rsc, setting a bad example, other
fll
0rkers might follow in his path. Few
s{n want to pay for industrial citizcnt<
t1P privileges if they see that they
n get them for nothing.
work without a place to work. It is
the right of management to go out into
the labor marketplace and bid for
workers on any terms they choose. A
man's right to work is at all times
contingent on his being able to find
someone who will hire him. And even
then he may well be refused this
"inalienable" right on the sliμ;htest
pretext.
Unions do not claim that there are
not abuses of the union shop and
closed union. However, most unions
arc against discrimination because of
race or color or creed, and they try to
prohibit this discrimination by others.
•4
Actuallv, some unions arc not in
favor of a closed union. ·waiter Reuther
made the following statement:
... In the UA W-ClO we have n<•\er
ask<·d for a closed shop.
... \Ve endorse the principle of the
dos(•d shop because in C<.'rlain industri<.•s
W(' think it is essential. In the maritime industry,
for example, W<' lhink that tlw
elosc·d-shop and the hiring-hall arrangcnwnt
is essential because of the nature of
that industry. floweH•r, we think that the
approach ought to he to meet tlw ahusl's
rathl'r th.in to outlaw tlw prineipl<-; I personally
think that it is wrong for a union
to han• a closed membership in which
tlwy atkmpt to build a labor monopoly, in
order to csploit the advant<tges of a nonopoly.
. .. I think if you had legislation which
said, "\Ve will give labor a C('rtain period
to dean its own house and to mah• th<.'S<.'
eorrl'<'lions itself," and it failed to do it you
might then have to have correctin• legislation;
that is a helter approach rathl'r than
outlawing the principl<• of the closed shop
c•vt•n in those incluslriC"s wlwrc thC'rc arc
no ahuses. 15
There are those who would have
tlw worker believe that he is "smothered"
hy his union, that he has no
protection against union abuses. This
has no basis in fact. 1ot only docs the
worker have a voice in his representative
union, but he has available to him
remedies in the courts and the National
Labor Relations Board. rn Additionally,
not only can the union member
take part in the policy making of
his union, but he has the opportunit\
to elect the men who negotiate with
management. :\Ioreovcr, under the
Labor-:\Ianagement Relations Act, employees
can ,·ote in a new bargaining
agency if it docs not reflect their
interests.
A paradox of the nion Security and
Section 14( b) of the Taft-Hartley
Law is that the states' rights arc
operative when a state wants to appl~
more harsh resh·ictions. But these
states' rights arc not operative when
a state wants to apply more liberal
standards of union sccurity.17
When the Taft-Hartley Law was
being debated in Congress, Senator
Wayne :\!orris made the following
statement:
Thus, \\'e lay down in the bill a wry
full <tnd cornpktc national policy as to
dosed- and union-shop agreements. At the
same time, the bill provides in S<·ction
l~(h) howe,cr, that the national policy
may be entirely disregarded and supcrS<•
ded by the States if they ck-sire to impose'
a rnorC' rC"stri<:th·c policy on the samC'
s11hjC'cl matkr. A more pointed instant('
of anti-labor bias could hardly ])(' <'misagcd
than this alleged minor change in
the bill."
To show further advantages of
union membership, unions sometimes
act in capacities other than collecti\·e
bargaining. President of Auto \\'orkers
\\'alter Reuther asked Congress to
plug a gap in the Social Securit~ Act
as follows: (Continued on Page S)
TC"rming the failure to con·r worJ..<"rs
s11fft'ring from long-knn disahilitics "tlw
:ations ."
to con,·1~
is for tli
·fit of u11
one-fo111
. 1 Jl
•llIZe( · rf
t Trade unions not onlv need clues to
~try on their work, ln1t they need
•n~illber participatio.n to dis?uss issues
i~ ~ass on them m clcct1oi.1s. 0~1ly
111 this way can a democratic umon nctio
1l'J'/1r Cwtr A/,!ainst "Ri~lit-to-\\"ork" 1.au:s, puhli\
lwd hy CIO, not datt'd.
i:.o·rnft-llnrtley Act Red'i'imn,". llrarin.I.(\ lwfor~·
tlw Committ<'<' on Labor and Puhhc \.Vt•lfon". U. S.
Sc•nalt•. H:Jrd Con,1.CrC'SS, 1st St•\\ion, Pt. 1, pp. 410-
12 ( HJ.5c)) •
1"Tllr Cave A,t:"ai11ft "Ri/,!lit-to-\\'ork" I~nu:v, op.
cit., p. R9.
irce-fo11
gain frt
irthrr:
nor <.'<ll~
• ('()Ile.'('~
•s and 11
others. h
histor~
... nw.1n" 1
iquitotl~
the intlt
whokl
1ist ck><:I
moralilY.
·incipk~
inclidrhl·
'i>d Oii f'il;
th \fan;·union members maintain that
• Ose who do not see the "light," have
\irt1ativc stupidity of 100 pc•r cent.
l)io or workers in non-union shops,
'~hre than one has got the "word"
~·o ek he awoke to the fact that all
llor~ and no pay was making him a
Ji. .r hoy. Indeed, when he dbcoven•d
t,.,tll>as losing his pants, literally, his
.\ htnonial might well he phrased,
1' 1tch in time saved mine."
tfi0 he right-to-work laws arc oftl'n
·11i light of as right-to-wreck laws. lfi"? might he construed as meaning
f,,.e a. man has the ri{.!,ht to work as a
t~:ir{'rler. Clan•ncc Darrow once rc-e>
cl that there can be no right to
.. '!'
11• a~~~lf.trt.lt·y ·\C't H(•\ hic>m" llt'nrinj!\, U. S.
~d c;oninuttN· on Lnhor and Puhlic \V1·lfort'.
il . '1J.!rc· 1, ht S«~\ion, Part I, 1>1>. .50·1·5
lt.~'°t11
·11.i).rnc L. To1wr, The Clo~nl SJio,,, p. 169
t
'"1 F
\ 'Ont 'I l'\1ws, .'1ay, 19.56
Three-way hand shake
of George
Meany, Wolter
Reuther and Adlai
E. Stevenson in
New York City, Dec.
8. Is this three woy
'shokc prophetic?
W~lll WOHi ii l'lfOTO
~Tlw Ca~r J\/,!ai11vt "'Ri/.!Jit-to-\\"ork" l.au.-1;, puh·
lhh('d h~ C'IO, not dakd, p. 96.
M);J Conμn·.~dional lkcord 6·t.56 ( J9·t7).
t e4- (Continued from Page 6)
The merging of AFL-CIO has
brought tremendous power to the
union politically. Some believe that
Big Labor officials, many who think in
terms of "~le, the people!" are geared
for a big political coup in the fortheoming
presidential election. Probably
millions will be spent by Big Labor on
propaganda alone in the 1956 election.
And, needless to say, there are those
"·ho will succumb to a line of reasoning
slanted skillfully for radio, newspapers
and other media. Labor itself
most likeh· will he a major campaign
issue, anci whoever wins the Democratic
nomination - should he be
elected to the presidency - doubtless
will he indebted to Big Labor for being
the dominating force responsible.
Perhaps the favorite philosophy of
compulsory unionists is that such a
?to- Co11ti1111cd from Page i)
mo"t ~t.·rious omission" of th<~ Social Sccurit,
· Att . . . lkutlwr told the S<·nate
Fi~anee Committ<·<· that the· American
p<~>plt• e\pect Congress "to plug up this
mo ... t <:onspic:uous gap" this ycar. 111
After all is said and done, if rightto-
work laws gain a toe-hold, subsequent!~
· they will gain a strangle
hold on unions. The result will he that
the \\'Orker can't help but end up low
man on the totem pole. It is time our
citizenry arniled themselves of pertinent
facts, of the part unions have
played and are continuing to play in
the deYelopment of these, our United
States of America.
And as for all the current misinformation
regarding communism in
11'" Henth r A kot Conl!t('<i'i Act on Di'iability,"
\Fl.-CTO .Ynn·. Febnury 2>. Hn6.
WIDE WOil! D PllOTO
The late President Roosevelt at a broadcast from
the White House . Said F.D.R., " The government
would never force workers to join a union. That
would be too much like the Hitler methods
toward labor."
unions, especially in the larger unions,
George '.\leany, president of AFL-CJO
made the following statements at
Seton Hall University:
\\'e, of American labor, firmly oppOS<'
all forms of dictatorship.
\\ c \'ig:orously support our free sysk1n
of government. \Ve realize that, without a
free system of government, there can be
neither free labor nor free cnterpriS<'.
Cornmunism and every other totalitarian
despotism is tl1C' deadly enemy of fr""
labor unions. Frc•c- labor unionism and
totalitari,rnism simply cannot coexist. They
negate each other ..•.
:\or can I emphasize sufficiently that
communism is likewise the mortal foe of
private capital, prhate ownership, and the
private manag<•m<·nt of industry.
. .. So far, communism has never
gain<•d a position an}whcre except hy
fraud, force, and ll'rror. In spite of all
its loud prop;1ganda to the contrary, communism
has n<·n·r g:h en any p('oplc any-system
has its basis in our system of
government - rule of the majorit~
This comparison delights such prop<"
nents. A more incorrect analogy couh
hardly he drawn; rather, American•
have always championed the indivi.d·
ual, the minority. 18 Our civil libert1r
were blood-bought. Are we to k
them be spirited away, one by one?
The logical place for Communist• l Ioli~
in this country is in labor unions. An'
labor leaders are being converted t
democratic socialism. 10 This apprM'
to be watered-down communism - 1
effect, the semi-sugar-coating of a hil '
terpill. 'D Perhaps Abraham Lincoln said
best - "No man is good enough 1
govern another man without the ot~
cr's consent." f.~
''"''Tilf' Ca..<' for \poluntnry Unionism," n pnrfl.
l<'t is111u(•cl hy Clrnmh<'r of Commerce of tlw V111
State";, Wnshington 6, D. C., not datrd, p. 14. 1 am j
ncongre.nionol Digest, F<'h., 19.56, p. 61, '
.1.5, !\o. 2, \Vnshins,:ton, D. C.
thing fr"'" So far, \loseow has dont• ill'
finitely more taking from, than gh·inS! ti
other pc'Oples."'
So spoke George I\1eany, presicll'
of AFL-CJO, who has never t,1k1
part in a strike in his life. Also, •1'
union official, he has never order<
workers to strike or to organize pick
Jincs.2'
Docs this sound like party line P'1b
ulum or opiate for the masses, as so~'
would have us believe? A union c~1 :
through its workers; truly, they are~
reason for being. Unions of the "·o
ers, by the workers and for the ,,·o
ers ...
Our very Government itself is h•1"
on such a democratic system.
11'Ad<ln·ss by AFL-CJO president Ccor,I!(' ~fc
nt St·ton Hall Unin·rsity. Conμressio11al flt
frhrnary 24, 19.56, pp. 2878-79. \
~'"M<•ony nt thC' Summit." hy Harold LOnl
ncy. Amukan l\frrcury, Fchniary, 1956.
· system of
~ majorit~
uch propO'
1logy could
American'
he indivicl·
vii libertir'
we to k
RUTH BOYER SCOTT
by one? :r How d o I go a bou t • • • , "' •• • :ommunisl' i.>isb c, ,. ..
mions. An You 'd do -ce""e
mvcrted t something b · o'l:.e
1is appear a out. • • ~ \;S ;.
unism - 1 1'. c)."I> ,
1g of a bit ' ()\).
:;;;;~~~ 'Dear Congressman:"
oqm" n pnni~
of tht' Unit
•d, p. 14.
6, p. 64, I
'I'be:r
e ought
as clone i
1·1 n giving I
•, preside
ever t;1k•
Have you put off "writing Washington" becau e you don ' t have
the " know-how"? 01· beca use you thi n k o ne le ller won' t do
any good? R ead th ese s u gges t io n s, ref er to the li s t on the
following pages, a nd th en end your tho u g hts to Wash in g ton!
Your congressmen arc wailing to hear fr om you - the people!
Also, •1'
er order'
nize pick• " Y OU'RE wasting
your time, writing
Congress
about legislation," Bill
said to his neighbor.
"An indivich.al hasn't
a chance. It takes a
big organization to
llq·-0.. "••hor put 01 er a letter cam- 1;\n." I listened for the reply.
ns;.layhc so, maybe not," John
11\it Vjrcd. "To make sure, I'm going to
ll) tot le facts as I sec them in a letter
\Vy congressman."
I de ?at happens to letters like f ohn's?
0~(~1 dcd to follow the mail into the
t~ I s of sPnators and representatives
l111e earn for myself how effective
"'''tors arc• from individual men and
to 1~· The best way to gauge this
~~r 1
1sten to the persons who receive
\f cttcrs.
rs r ~ngr; 'ranees P. Bolton, Republican
lk; esswoman from Ohio since 19-10,
"~elc veabou~ ~!rs. ;\nna "!· C~!cman, lands battlmg widow, who
!iii] 1Wrote suggesting legislation to
'>its ~~es IC'vipd on pensions of wid'\
V, Policemen and firemen.
lrs. tlows receive such a pittance,"
lli.i1111 olcman wrote, "that surely tlwy
'll it.~ not be rcquirC'd to pay tax('S
~pl>c,1r. . . .
\IJ, 11 <d •n Family Circle for January,
lii4 l\.11 ~~'.'r lil<' t1tk, "Your Congr""""m
11
1<'<"<' of Your \find." Us"cl bi pn-t~
.
~l\ T'
'OHL\! '\111s, ,\fay, 19.56
"I was glad to introduce a hill at
her request," says !-.lrs. Bolton. "Its
provisions were incorporated in the
1 ntC'rnal Hcvcnuc Code of 1954 - ex('
lllpting up to $1,200 of pensions and
annuities from income taxes of all
persons."
Senator John J. Sparkman, of Alabama,
Democratic candidate for Vic<'
President in 1952, tells of veterans in
his state' who wrote that they'd tried
to buy GI housing in rural areas, but
couldn't get mortgage lenders.
"Their letters," he says, "hp]pcd to
hring about the direct loan on er
house's, which I sponsored and which
has lwlp<'d thousands to g<'t homes
who couldn't have otherwise." By this
lPgislation certain areas of the countrv
arp dPsignatcd as "direct-loan areas'"
for GI housing.
HOW TO GET ACTION
\\'hat kind of letters bring about
such immediate' action? The heart of
"hat l IC'arncd is that your lC'ttC'rs
"ill gl't attC'ntion if they arc legible,
specific, clear, and brief, stating what
you're for or against, and why.
\\'hilP your idea won't go automaticall)
into a law and may nevC'r inspire'
a separate law, many such ideas ar<'
incorporatPd into the big g<'nC'ral laws,
like housing, taxation, and social security.
\ typewritten letter is prcfrrahle,
hut 1rntny handwritten letters com-mand
respect because of their constructive
ideas. But h<' sure that the
writing is easily read, and take extra
pains to be brief. It's the 6- to HJ-pagp
ill<'gibly handwritten letter that is a
waste of effort.
;\limeographcd letters arc also discouraging.
As one congressman put it,
"\Ve don't know whether John Smith
intended to send the letter or merC'I\
signed it as a fa1·or to his organiz<l·
tion 's legislative chairman, who passed
out 200 copies at a meeting."
KEEP LETTERS BRIEF
Keep in mind the tremendous demand
on a congressman's time. If he
reaches his office at 9 a.m. (some
come earlier, some later ), he has only
an hour till 10 a.m. committee meetings
to read mail, sec l'isitors, rc,·ip\\
pending legislation, and sign lettl'rs.
So Svc or six rambling pages may destroy
the value of your Jptter. Your
rcpresentatil'e may read his short letters
and put yours aside for more time
that may never come.
Being hrief will also help you to he
specific. If a person writes, "1 wish
you'd do something about my housing,"
the recipient doesn 't know
whcthC'r the writer is concC'rncd with
rental housing, house buying, or house
building.
\Vhom do 1·ou writ<'? BC'causc th<'
liaison between Senate and !Tous<' is
far from perfect, you're "·is<' to \\Till'
both to your own represcntati1 c and
Page 9
letter is judged on its
merit. As one committee
staff member told me,
"Little people can have
hig ideas."
Any library or government
office has the bluchound
Congressional Directory,
with the names of
committee chairmen and
all members of House and
Senate. There's a separate
listing of committee assignments
of all members
of Congress.
Sometimes it's a puzzler
to find which committee
has a bill. If you don't
know, you can write first
to find out, or write to the
most probable committcc,
trusting that your letter
will be forwarded, if necessary.
Typical of the reaction to o highly controversial issue in Congress
is this flood of moil stocked on tables and overflowing to
the floor of the Senate post office. An overage day, however,
brings about 100 letters to each congressman. These letters
influence their votes and help to "keep them on their toes."
You can assume in writing
that the Congress
member or committee
chairman is friendh. The
crank letter or the 'itupera
ti ve letter may be
answered formally but is
unlikely to influence legislation.
Also, the perennial
letter writer mav lose his
effectiveness over the
years unless he takes care
that ea~h lct~~r pre~.ents ~!
sound ''hat and why.
Citizens propose new
to ,·our two senators.
the ach'antages in doing so are that
they ha,·e a personal interest in your
YOte and will probably refer your
letter to the congressional committee
concerned. They can give it added
weight if. instead of sending it with a
formal note, the, write the committee,
''\\'c think this suggc•stion merits your
attention." It's an extra asset if your
senator or representative is on the
committee concerned. Ile may himself
introduce your idea into the legisla.
tion.
"\\"rite each person a separate letter,"
one congressman warned. "It's
onlv human, when a letter is marked
'cop< " he said, "for each party to
discount its importance, assuming the
other recipient has given it full attention."
It's particularlr effective to present
your ideas for legislation directly to a
chairman of a committee. That way
they will cc•rtainly go to the committee
staff. \\ hich culls the ideas from all
letters, puts like ideas together, and
works some into actual wording of
le<tislation. lt makes no difference to
m~~t committee staffs whether the
\\Titers ,ire people of prominence or
ordi1ur~ · folk. The well-thought-out
Page IO
laws on a wide variety of
topics. Some have such merit that a
congressman goes into action on it
at once.
A constituent of Senator Karl E.
~lundt, Republican of South Dakota,
wrote to recommend that pensions be
taken away from government workers
found guilty of subversion. "I introduced
such a bill," Senator ~Iundt relates,
"and it became a law in 195·1."
Representative \Vright Patman,
Democrat of Texas, recalls that one of
his constituents, while John Dillinger
was causing gangster terror through
the ~lidwest, wrote: "Why don't you
offer a bill by which the Attorney General
could offer a reward for capture
or information leading to capture of
such criminals?"
~Ir. Patman introduced such a hill,
which became law on f une 6, 1934.
"The law," he savs, "aided directlv in
stopping the crin1inal careers of Dillinger
and others like him."
Representative Russell V. Mack,
H.epublican of \Vashington, cites a
couple of cases from the numerous
ones where he found letters from
home helpful.
"A lot of writers," he says, "protested
to me about the junk mail crowding
their maillx>~es. l\s a result of com-hined
efforts, junk mail is apparent YO
junked."
Congressman r-.lack also tells of ,.t
crans who wrote him about the inju~
tice of not getting Social Sccun~
credit while in service. This coll '
mean loss of a pension for lack
enough quarters of coverage. The h1
was changed to allow those \\'~
served between September, 1940, a•
June, 1953, to get Social Security ere<
if thcy were not getting other rcti
mcnt credit during that period.
WORDS INTO PRINT
As a citizen you even have
power to be a legislative witness
without ever going to \Vashingto
D. C. You can write a committee •11
ing that your statement be publish<
in the collectcd hearings on a part•~
Jar bill. These publications arc widt
and carefully studied. Probably k
effective a method is to ask your
gressman to incorporate your st•1f
mcnt for or against legislation in t
appendix of the daily Congressio
Record. .
You can also try to influence le!("
tion through the executive branch
the government - such as the J'I
Office or Treasury Departments or t
Veterans' Administration. But 1
11 may be spreading your effort a h
thin hy doing so. It's true that so
legislation originates with a draft
the executive agencies, but your cl
gressmen arc elected to make l' I
laws.
You can also take official stands
pending laws through various or¢·
zations with which you're allied . .'
views mav he communicated officJ·
at eommittee meetings. This holds ti
for state, county, and local hi'\'
well as national ones. You needtl t
uneasy about breaking a law by ';,
ing your congressman. I nailec~.
fear with the official statement: 1
hying laws apply only to those ''
arc paid for attempting to infhtC
legislation." As a private citizr11 1
are unrestricted in decent cxpre>'
of your opinion. r
In fact, if you write a Jcttr Congress, you're exercising the 01 .;1
constitutional privilege in the. fl~
Hights guaranteeing your ngh 11
petition the government for a rt"
of grievances." ,
Even the simplest letter expr.c'
a view on legislation is a pctill~1 ,
may have only one signature, .bu cpetition
it commands respect if 11,,.
tains sound and clearly exP'\,
ideas. Just he sure to take thi~ c:1l11
advice of Hcprcsentativc Clair ~ t
Democrat of California: "Don
E
IIO
~LA BAM,
S!NAro ~
Lister
John J
R!pREso
F'rank
Cc•org<
Cc·org<
k<·nnel
'\lhcrt
Armist
Carl E
nohl'rt
C 'Org<
~~l?oNA
11
N-"TOR!
Rarn ,
Cari'n.
-!pRES£N
John J.
St('\\ art
~~l(ANsA
11~
4toRs
). \\' F
lohn. L.
-Ip
RES£N1
i1. gcncralities. Say, Tm for 1
against) this for these reasons~,
3, 4.'" Such a letter helps 111•1
mocnicy work.
~· C. C:
\'ilhur
);1l11<•s \I
t ~(·1
s Ponl)
apparent YOUR MINIATURE
tells of ,·e
1t the inju
al Securit
This coo
for lack
ge. The l•1
those wb
r, 1940, a1
:urity cri;<
ither ret1r·
eriod.
Congressional Directory
INT
1 have
• witncs>
Vashingt
1mittce ;1•
e publish1
n a part1c
; are willt
obably JC.
k your cO
your st•11
ition int
ingressiO
rnce lcgi'
e branch
s the r
nents or 1
But )
[fort a ]it
~ that so
a draft
t your c<
make Y~
11 stands
lous or~·
allied. S•
ed offic1•
s holds tr
cal h11\;
neednt
b ' \I nw Y t
nailcl!. nent: 1·
those 11
·0 inflot' . I
citizen
: exprc''
EIGHTY-FOURTH CONGRESS, Second Session
ENATE
R1c11 IRO \I. :\'1.xo'\, Prf'sidt•111 of 1'11• Sl'IW/f'
WALTER F. GFOllGE, Prf'siil<>111 pro Tempore
•
•
L\'\llO'\ B. JOJI'\SO'\, :llajority Lectder
\V1LL1 \\t F. K '\ O\\Ll '\ O, llli11ority Leader
\II rorr('!-iJlOrulr11rf' lo ..,ena1ors and Senate lr:ider~ may hr adc1res ... e<l
in l';lf(' or rl1t• SPll:lf(' Offire lluildin~, \Vai-l1ingto11 25. D. c.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
s~ \I Rn 11111"1, Speaker
Jo11'\ \l. \l cC01rn 1cJ..., llajorit,r Lf'adt•r • JO"-FP JJ \\ . \ I IRTJ'\. JR., .lli11ority Leader
\ll eorre..,pondrnre to re11resentative~ and Ilou"e leallers ma} he addre .. "ed
in care of the Ilouoe Offil'e Building, Wa..,Jiington 25, D. C.
~LABA MA
11
NATORS
Listl'r Hill (D ), \ lontgonwr~
John J. Sparkman ( D ). JTunts1 illl'
-IPR£5£NTATIVES
F'rank \V. Boykin (D), \lobik
Cc•orgc \1. Grant (D), Trov
Ct'orge \V. Andrews ( D ). L' nion Sprin!.(s
k.l'nneth A. Robcrts ( D), Pic•dmont
'\lht'rt Hains ( D ), CaclsdC'n
Arrnistcad I. Sckkn, Jr. ( D ), CrC'l'mboro
Cai'] Elliott ( D), Jaspcr
llobcrt E. Jo11('s ( D), Scottsboro
Ceor!.(c' Iludd lC'ston, Jr., (D), Birmingham
~~l?ONA
S1NllT0RS
~<lrr: \I. Coldwater (H), Phomix
Car] Irayd<'n (]) ), Phoenix
-lpRE5£NTATIVES
1.ohn J. Hhodes (H), \ J('sa
Stc·11art L. t;dall (D), Tucson
~~l(~NSAS
l1N
llToRS
J. \V. Fulbright (D), FayetlC'vil le
John L. \JcCIC'llan ( D ), Camdm
-Ip
RtsENTATIVES
DISTRICT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
DISTRICT
1
2
DISTRICT
1
Oren Harris ( D), El Dorado
Brooks Hays (D), Little Hock
W. F. Norrcll ( D ), \ lonticello
CALIFORNIA
SENATORS
William F. Knowland (H ), Picdmont
Thomas IT. Kuchel ( H), Anaheim
REPRESENTATIVES
Hubert 13. Scuddc•r (H ), Sc•lx1stopol
Clair Engle ( D ), Heel Bluff
John E. \loss (D), Sacramento
William S. i\lailliard ( H ), San Francisco
John F. ShC'lley ( D ), San Francisco
John F. Baldwin, Jr. (H), \l artincz
John J. Allcn, Jr. (H), Oakland
CC'orgc P. \lillcr (D), Alameda
J. Arthur Youn~cr (H), San \lateo
Charil's S. Cubscr (H), Gilroy
Lcroy Johnson ( H ), Stockton
B. F. Sisk ( D), Fresno
Charles \!. Teaguc ( H ), Ojai
Harlan Hagen (]) ). Hanford
Cordon L. \lcDonough ( H). Los Angeles
Donald L. Jackson ( H ), Pacific Palisades
Cecil H. King (D), Inglewood
Craig Ilosmer ( H ), Long Beach
Chct IfoliflC'ld ( D ), \ lontebcllo
Carl H inshaw ( H), Pasadcna
Edgar W. Hiestand ( H), Altadcna
Joe Il olt ( H ), \'an N'uys ~:.C. Gathings (D), West \l(•mphis
j 1lbur D. \I ills ( D), Kcnsctt
~ •
1n1c•s \\'.Trimble (D). BC'rryville
1
·is JI
2
3
Clyde Doyle• ( D), South Gate
C lenard P. Lipscomb ( H), Los Angeles
4
.5
6
DISTRICT
1
2
3
4
.5
6
7
8
9
10
ll
1:2
13
14
].5
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
2.'3
24
onn1 '\ l\1·s, .\ fay, 1956
Page 11
Patrick J. Hillings (R) Arcadia
James Roose,·elt ( D), Los Angeles
Harry R. Sheppard ( D ), Yucaipa
James B. Utt ( R ), Santa Ana
John Phillips ( R ), Banning
Bob Wilson ( R ), Chula Vista
COLORADO
SENATORS
Gordon Allott (R), Lamar
Eugene :\lillikin (R), Denver
REPRESENTATIVES
Byron G. Rogers (D), Dcmw
William S. Hill (R), Fort Collins
J. Eel gar Chenoweth ( R), Trinidad
\\'ayne '\'.Aspinall (D), Palisade
CONNECTICUT
SENATORS
Pn•scott Bush ( R), Greenwich
William A. Purtell (R), West Hartford
REPRESENTATIVES
Antoni '\'. Sadlak ( R), Rockville
Thomas J. Dodd (D), \\'est Hartford
~"?~
26
27
28
29
30
DISTRICT
1
2
3
4
DISTRICT
At Large
1
Horace Scelr-Brmrn, Jr. ( R), Pomfret CC'nter
Albert\\'. Cretella (R), '\'orth Haven 3
4
5
Albert P. :\lorano ( R), Greemdch
James T. Patterson ( R ), Waterto"·n
DELAWARE
SENATORS
J. \lien Frear, Jr. (D), Dover
John J. Williams (R), :\lillsboro
REPRESENTATIVE
Harris B. :\lcDowell, Jr. (D), :\licldleto\\n At Large
FLORIDA
SENATORS
Spessard Holland ( D), Bartow
George A. Smathers ( D ), :\liami
REPRESENTATIVES
William C. Cramer ( H), St. PetC'rsburg
Charles E. Bennett ( D ), Jacksom illc
Robert L. F. Sikes ( D ), Crestview
Dante B. Fascell (D), :\liami
.\. S. Herlong, Jr. (D). Leesburg
Paul G. Rogers (D), West Palm Beach
James A. Haley ( D), Sarasota
D. R. (Billy) \latthews ( D L Gaim•s' illc
GEORGIA
SENA TORS
\\'alt<•r F. Georg<' (])), \'ienna
Richard B. Bussell (])), Winder
REPRESENTATIVES
Prince II. Preston ( D), Statesboro
John L. Pilcher ( D ), \leigs
E. L. Forrester (D), Leesburg
John James Flynt, Jr. ( D ), Griffin
Page 12
DISTRICT
1
" :3
4
5
6
7
s
DISTR ICT
2
3
4
James C. Davis (D), Stone :\lountain
Carl Vinson ( D), Milledgeville
Henderson Lanham (D), Rome
Iris F. Blitch ( D ), Jlomerville
Phil :\L Landrum (D), Jasper
Paul Brown (D), Elberton
IDAHO
SENATORS
Henry C. Dworshak (R), Burley
Herman Welker ( R ), Payette
REPRESENTATIVES
(~!rs.) Gracie Pfost (D), l\'ampa
Hamer H. Budge (R), Boise
ILLINOIS
SENATORS
Everett \ !cKinley Dirksc·n ( H), Pekin
Paul II. Douglas (D), Chicago
REPRESENTATIVES
5
6
7
s
9
10
DISTRlcf
1
2
2
3
4
5
6
William L. Dawson (D), Chicago
Barratt O'Hara ( D ), Chicago
James C. :\lurray ( D ), hicago
William E. :\lcVey (H), Harvey
John C. Kluczynski (Dl, Chicago
Thomas J. O'Brien ( D ), Chicago
James B. Bowler (D), Chicago 1
Thomas S. Gordon (D), Chicago 8
Sidney R. Yates (D), Chicago 9
Richard \V. Hoffman (H), Hiverside 10
Timothy P. Sheehan ( H ), Chicago II
Charles A. Boyle (D), Chicago l~
( i\lrs.) ~larguerite Stitt Church ( R ), Evanston 13
Chauncey W. Recd (H), WC'st Chicago l~
'oah H :\lason ( R ), Oglesby J5
Leo E. Allen ( R ), Galena 16
Leslie C. Arends (H), \lelvin 17
Harold II. Veldc (H), Pekin 1
Hobert B. Chiper6eld ( H), Canton 19
Sid Simpson ( H), Carrollton 20
Peter F. :\lack, Jr. ( D ), Carlimille 21 William L. Springer ( H), Champaign _o,·,'
Charles W. Vursell (H), Salem 23
lclvin Price ( D), East St. Louis 2·1 Kenneth J. Gray (])), West Frankfort 25 j
IN DIANA
SENATORS
Homer E. Capehart ( H ), Washington
William E. Jenrwr ( H ), lkdford
REPRESENTATIVES
Ray J. :\fad den ( ()), Gar)
SE NA T
Bou
Tho
REPRE !
Fre<
Hen
II. R
Karl
Paul
Jam<
Bc•n
Char
KANSA l
HNATC
Fran
Andr
REPRES I
\VilJi1
Err et
::\iyro
Edwn
Cliffo
\Vint
~Etnuc1
S£NAro 1
Alben
Earle
RtpRESE I
~ohle
\ViJlia
John:\
Frank
Brent ,
John
Car! D
E11ge111
Lou1s1AP1
SINA TOR
\ llen J
H11ssell
RlpRE5£N
Charles >\. HallC'ck ( H), Hensselaer
Shepard J. CrumpackC'r ( H ), South Bend
E. Ross Adair (H), Fort Wayne
F.Edw
1Iaic Bi
E:dwin
Overto1
Otto E.
l<inies 1'
r. Ashti
Cc'orgc
; ~~ 1NE
5
John V. Beamer (H.), Wabash
Cecil ~I. Harden (R), Covington
William G. Bray (H), \lartinsvillc
\\'infield K. Dc•nton ( D), £,·ans' ille
Earl \\'ilson ( H ), Bedford
Ralph IIarwy ( R ), 'c•\v Castle, Route 4
Charles 13. Brownson ( H ), Indianapolis
FACTS Fo1n '1 '\ E\\'S,
6
5 IOWA
Clifford G . .\Iclntire (R), Perham 6 3 SENATORS
7 Bourke B. IIickenlooper ( R), Cedar Rapids MARYLAND
8 Thomas E . .\lartin ( R ), Iowa City SENATORS 9
10 REPRESENTATIVES J. Glenn Beall ( R), Frostburg DISTRICT
Freel Sehwengel ( R), D<l\"enport 1 John ~Iarshall Butler (R), Baltimore
Henry 0. Talle (R), Decorah 2 REPRESENTATIVES
H. R. Gross (H), Waterloo DISTRICT 3 Edward T. Jillcr (H), Easton 1 Karl .\I. LeCompte ( H), Corydon 4 James P. S. Devercu'\ (H), Stevenson 2 Paul Cunningham (R), Des .\Joines 5 Edward A. Garmatz ( D), Baltimore 3 James I. Dolliver ( H), Fort Dodge 6 George TT. Fallon ( D ), Baltimore 4
DISTRl(l Ben F. Jensen ( H ), fa:ira 7 Richard E. Lankford (D), Annapolis 5
1 Charles B. Hoevcn (H), Alton 8 DeWitt S. Hyde (R), Bethesda 6
2 ICA NSAS Samuel N. Friedel (D), Baltimore 7
S!NATORS MASSACHUSETTS
Frank Carlson (H), Concordia SENATORS
Andre\\ F. Sehoeppel ( H), Wichita John F. Kennedy (D), Boston
REPRESENTATIVES
DISTRICT Leverett Saltonstall (R), Dover
William 1 I. Avery ( H), \Vakdklcl 1 REPRESENTATIVES
D1srRI DISTRICT Errett P. Serirner (R), Kansas City 2 John W. TTeselton (R), Deerfield 1 1 :\Jyron V. George (H), Altamont 3 Edward P. Boland ( D), Springfield 2 2 Edward II. Hees ( R), Emporia 4 Philip J. Philbin ( D), Clinton 3 3 Clifford H. Hope ( R ), Garden City 5 Harold D. Donohue (D), Worcester 4 4 '''int Smith ( R ), :\Janka to 6 (Mrs.) Edith '\'ourse Rogers ( H), Lowell 5 5
6 l<r ~·n ucKv William II. Bates (R), Salem 6
1 Thomas J. Lane ( D), Lawrence 7
s SENATORS Torbert IL ;\ JacDonalcl (D), \Jalclen 8 fs
9 .\lben \\'.Barkley (D), Paducah Donald W. Nicholson (R), \\'areham 9 ing
10 Earle C. Clements (D), :\ lorganfield Laurence Curtis ( H ), Boston 10 e
11 REPRESENTATIVES Thomas P. O''\leill, Jr. ( D ), Cambridge 11
l~ DISTRICT John \ V. \lcCormack ( D), Dorchester 12 'ohle ). Gregory (D), ~ I ayfield 1 Hicharcl B. Wigglesworth ( R ), .\Iii ton 1:3 ston 1:3
l~ \ViJliam II. Natcher (D), Bowling Green 2 Joseph\\' . .\lartin, Jr. (H), 1\orth Attleboro 14
15 John \ I. Robsion, Jr. ( R), Louisville 3
16 Frank 'helf ( D), Lebanon 4 MICHIGAN
l'i' Brent Spene(• ( D), Fort Thomas 5 SENATORS 1 John C. Watts ( D ), 'icholasville 6 Pat .\le 'amara (D), Detroit
19 Cari D. Perkins ( D), JJinclman 7
Eugerw Siler ( H ), Williamsburg 8
Charles E. Potter ( R ), Cheboygan
~o
lolJ1s1ANA REPRESENTATIVES
21 DISTRICT
q·' Thaclclens .\1. \Jachrowicz (D ), Hamtramck 1 ~- 11
~:3 1iATORS George :\leader (R), Ann Arbor 2
2~ .\lien J. Ellencl(•r, Sr. ( D), Il ouma August E. Johansen (R), Battle Creek 3
25 Htrssell B. Long (D), Baton Houge Clan• E. Hoffman (R), Allegan 4
-EpRESfNTATIVES Gerald H. Ford, Jr. ( H ), Grand Rapids 5
r DISTRICT Don Hayworth (D), East Lansing 6 Eel\\ arc! Hebert ( D ), '\t'\\ Orleans 1 Jesse P. Wolcott (R), Port Huron 7 lale Boggs ( D ), 'ew Orleans 2 Alvin \1. lkntley (H), O\\osso
(chvin E. \\'illis ( D), St. ~ l artim ille 3 Ruth Thompson (H), Whitehall 9 ~\ c•rton Brooks ( D), Shrcn•port 4 Elford A. Cederlwrg ( H ), Ba) City 10 tto E. Passman ( D ), ~lonroc 5 Victor \. Kno., ( R ), Sault Ste . .\larie 11 ois•' ~'IInes II. \Jorrison ( D), Hammond 6 john 13. Bennett (H), Ontona~on 12 I
('.Ashton Thompson ( D ), Ville Platte 7 Charles C. Diggs, Jr. ( D ), Detroit 13 'eorgc• S. Long ( D), Pine\ill(' 8 Louis C. Habaut ( D ), Gross(• Pointe Park 1-! ~~INE John D. Dingell (D), Detroit 15
l1N John Lesinski ( D), Dt'arborn 16
II To Rs (;\ I rs.) Jartha \V. Griffiths (D), Detroit 17
~';.e'.lericJ.. c;. Payr!l' _( H ), \Val'.lohoro George A. Dondero ( R), Hoyal Oak 18
<lr~arl'l Chaw Smrth (H), Skcmhegan MINNESOTA -Ip
RESENTATIVES
Hor DISTRICT SENATORS
1 llubert II. TT umphr(') (D), .\Iinneapolis
f'I >c•rt Hall' ( H), Portland
~ -
1•lrlc·s P. \ebon ( H), \ ugust.1 2 Edward J. Thye (R), '\orthfield
"'11 I'
\I\\'>, .\fay, 19.){j
Page 13
'OHt \J
REPRESENTATIVES
August H. Andresen ( R), Red Wing
Joseph P. O'Hara ( R), Glencoe
Roy W. \Vier ( D ), .\linneapolis
Eugene J. .\lcCarthy ( D ), St. Paul
Walter H. Judd (R), \linneapolis
Fred \larshall ( D), Grove City
H. Carl Andersen ( H. ), Tyler
John A. Blatnik (])), Chisholm
Coya Knutson ( D ), Oklee
MISSISSIPPI
SENATORS
James 0. Eastland (D), Doddsville
John Stennis ( D ), De Kalb
REPRESENTATIVES
Thomas G. \benwthy ( D ), Okolona
Jamie L. Whitten ( D ), Charleston
Frank E. Smith ( D ), Greenwood
John Bell Williams (D), H.arn1oncl
Arthur Winstead ( D ), Philadelphia
William.\!. Colmer ( D ), PascagOLila
MISSOURI
SENATORS
Thomas C. Hennings, Jr. ( D), St. Louis
Stuart Symington ( D), Cre,·e Coeur
DISTRICT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
DISTRICT
1
2
3
4
5
6
REPRESENTATIVES DISTRICT
Frank \I. Karsten ( D ), St. Louis 1
Thomas B. Curtis ( H.), \\'ebst<•r Gron•s 2
(.\!rs.) Leonor Kretzer Sullinm (D), St. Louis .3
George JI. Christopher ( D ), Butler 4
Richard Bolling (D), Kansas City 5
W.R. Hull, Jr. (D), Weston 6
Dewey Short ( H), Galena 7
A. S. J. Carnahan (D), Ellsinore 8
Clarence Cannon (D), Elsberry 9
Paul C. Jones ( D ), Kt•nnctt 10
\!organ .\1. .\loulcler ( D ), Camdenton 11
MONTANA
SENATORS
.\like \lansfielcl ( D ), \lissoula
James E . .\lurray (D), Butte
REPRESENTATIVES
Lee .\letealf ( D ), Helena
Orvin B. Fjare ( H.). Big Timber
NEBRASKA
SENATORS
Carl T. Curtis (R), \linden
Homan L. Hruska ( H. , Omaha
REPRESENTATIVES
Phil \\'<•a\w ( R l, Falls City
Jackson B. Chase ( H), Omaha
Hobert D. Harrison ( H ), '\orfolk
.\. L . .\liller (H), Kimball
NEVADA
SE N ATORS
.\Ian Bible ( D ), Hcno
George\\. \!alone (H), Heno
Page 14
DISTRICT
2
DISTRICT
2
3
4
REPRESENTATIVE
Clifton Young (H), Reno
NEW HAMPSHIRE
SENATORS
Styles Bridges ( H), Concord
'orris Cotton ( H. ), Lebanon
REPRESENTATIVES
Chester E. J\lcrrow ( H. ). Center Ossipee
Perkins Bass ( H.), Peterborough
NEW JERSEY
SENATORS
Clifford P. Case ( H. ), H.ahway
H. Alexander Smith (H), Princeton
DISTRI
At Lar-
DISTRI('
1
2
REPRESENTATIVES DISf~I
Charles A. Woh-erton ( H), \1erchantville 1
T . .\lillet Hanel ( H ), Cape J\lay City 2
James C. Auchincloss ( H ), Humson 3
Frank Thompson, Jr. (D), Trenton 4
Peter Frelinghuysen, Jr. (H.), J\lorristown 5
Harrison A. Williams, Jr. (D), Westfield 6
William B. Widnall ( H.), Saclclle Hiver 7
Gordon Canfield (H.), Paterson S
Frank C. Osmers, Jr. ( R), Tenafly 9
Peter\\'. H.odino, Jr. ( D ), Newark 10
Hugh J. Addonizio (D), 'ewark 11
Hobert\\'. Kean (R), Livingston l~
Alfred D. Sieminski ( D ), Jersey City 13
T. James Tumulty (D), Jersey City 14
NEW MEXICO
SENATORS
Clinton P. Anderson ( D ), Albuquerque
Dennis Chavez ( D ), '\ llrnquerque
REPRESENTATIVES
Antonio J\I. Fernandez ( D ), Santa Fe
John J. Dempsey (D), Santa Fe
NEW YORK
SENATORS
Irving \I. hes (H), Norwich
Herbert IT. Lehman ( D ), New York City
REPRESENTATIVES
Stuyvesant Wainwright ( H), Wainscott
Sten•n B. Derounian ( H ), Hoslyn
Frank J. Becker (H), Lynbrook
Dis'''
AtU1
AtL••
Art;
lrw
He1
Sidi
lsid
Cha
Pau
Ral1
Hal1
(~Ii
J. E
Leo
Dpa
Berr
Clar
\Vil[
R. \1
John
\V. ~
Kem
Hart
\Villi
Edm
John
Dani
SENATO
Sam
w. K
-lPRES I
Herh
L.B.
Crah:
Haro]
Thurr
Carl·
P. Erl
Char],
Hugh
Chari,
Wood
Georg
~O~TH I
S(NAT01
Willia
\ Iii ton
•rP-rsu
llsher
Otto 1\
Jimry J. Latham (H), Queens Village
Albert II. Bosch (H). Hichmond Hill
Lester Holtzman ( D ), H(•go Park
James J. Delaney ( D ), Long Island City
\'ietor L. Anfuso ( D ), Brooklyn
Eugene J. Keogh (D), Brooklyn
01110
(\lrs.) Edna F. Kelly (D), Brooklyn
Emanuel Celler (D), Brooklyn
Francis E. Dorn ( H), Brooklyn
Abraham J. i\lulter ( D), Brooklyn
John J. Homwy (D), Brooklyn
John fl. Hay (H), Staten Island
Adam C. Powell, Jr. (D), ('\\York City
Frederic H. Comlcrt, Jr. (Il), rw York Cit>
James G. Donovan (D-H), ('\\York City
FAC'Ts FonL 'I 'i:ws, ,\ { ll!I• J
f.'~
S1NAT0R
George
lohn \1
•tp
-ESEN
Corclor
\\rillian
Paul F
\Villia~
C:Jiff CJ
fonl('S (
1-s Fon
ty
DIST~I
1
2
\rthur G. Klc>in ( D ), '\c>w York City
lrwin D. Davidson (D-L), New York City
Herlwrt Zc>lcnko (D), New York City
Sidne} A. Fine ( D ), '\c>w York City
Isidore Dollinger ( D ), Bronx
Charlt•s A. Buckley ( D ), ~cw York City
PaulA.Fino(R ), ewYorkCity
Ralph A. Gamblc> (R), Larchmont
Halph W. Gwinn ( R ), Bromvill(•
( :\lrs.) Katharine St. George ( H) Tu\edo
). Ernest Wharton ( H ), Hichmondvillc
Leo W. O'Brien (D), Albany
D<•an P. Taylor ( R ), Troy
Bernard W. (Pat) KearnC>y ( H ), Gloversville
Clarence E. Kilburn ( H ), :\I alone
William H. Williams ( H), Cassville
19
20
21
22
23
24
2.5
26
27
28
29
.30
31
32
3.3
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
DIST~I
1
3
4
5
6
1
s
9
10
11
l~
13
14
01s1'~
I
~ I 1
J
6
s
R. Walter Hichlman ( H ), Tully
John Taber (H), Auburn
W. Sterling Cole (H), Bath
Kenneth B. Keating ( H ), Hochcstcr
Harold C. Ostertag ( R ), Attica
William E. ~filler ( H ), Lockport
Edmund P. Had wan ( H ), Buffalo
John R. Pillion (R), Lackawanna
Daniel A. Heed (H.), Dunkirk
f-loRTH CAROLINA
SENATORS
Sam J. Ervin, Jr. (D), :\Iorganton
W. Kerr cott ( D ), Haw River
RfPR£S£NTATIVES
Herbert C. Bonner (D ), Washington
L. IT. Fountain ( D ), Tarboro
Craham A. Barden (D), New Bern
Harold D. Cooley (D), Nashville
Thurmond Chatham ( D ), \ Vinston-Salem
Carl T. Durham (D), Chapel Hill
P. Ertel Carlyle (D), Lumberton
Charles B. Deane ( D ), Hockingham
Hugh Q. Alt•xander ( D ), Kannapolis
Charles Haper Jonas (H ), Lincolnton
\Voodrow W. Jones ( D ), Hutlwrfonlton
C('Orge A. Shuford (D), Asheville
~O~tH DAKOTA
SfNATORS
\ViJliam Langer (H), Wheatland
\ [ilton R. Young (R), La :\loure
RfpRESENTATIVES
Usher L. Burdick ( H), Williston
Otto Krueger ( R ), Fessenden
tl1fr0
9 l£NAToRS
JO 1Ccorge JI. B<·nder (R ), Chagrin Falls
JI 0hn W. Bricker (R), Columbus
J~ R£p
jJ RfSfNTATIVES
]1 ~~rdon JI. Scherer ( R ), Cincinnati
JS l' 1ll1am E. Hess (H), Cincinnati
J(i \VaiulJ (· F . Schenck ( H.) ' D,·1 yton
]': CJ· 1am :\!. \fcCulloch (H), Pic1ua
JS 1lf Clevenger ( H), Bryan ~ lan1(•s G. Polk ( D ), Ilighland, H.F.D. 1
~(·1s ,
· Font·\r :\1ws, .Hay, 1956
DISTRICT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
DISTRICT
At Large
At Large
DISTRICT
1
2
3
4
5
6
Clarenc<• J. Brown ( R ), Blanchester
Jackson E. Betts ( H ), Findlay
Thomas L. Ashley (D), Waterville
Thomas A. Jenkins (H.), Ironton
Oliver P. Bolton (R), :\Ientor
John ~J. Vorys (H), Columbus
A. D. Baumhart, Jr. (R), Vermilion
William IL Ayres (R), Akron
John E. Henderson ( H. ), Cambridge
Frank T. Bow ( R ), Canton
J. Harry :\lcGregor (H), West Lafayette
Wayne L. Hays ( D ), Flushing
Michael J. Kirwan (D ), Youngstown
Michael A. Feighan ( D ), Cleveland
Charles A. Yanik ( D ), Cleveland
( !rs. ) Frances P. Bolton ( R ), Lyndhurst
William E. ~linshall ( R ), Rocky River
OKLAHOMA
SENATORS
Robert S. Kerr (D), Oklahoma City
A. S. ~like lonroney ( D ), Oklahoma City
REPRESENTATIVES
Page Belcher (H.), Enid
Ed Edmondson (D ), :\luskogee
Carl Albert (D), '.lcAlester
Tom Steed (D), Shawnee
John Jarman ( D ), Oklahoma City
Victor Wickersham (D ), :\langum
OREGON
SENATORS
Wayne ~lorse (D), Eugene
Hichard L. 1e11berger (D), Portland
REPRESENTATIVES
Walter Norblad (R ), Stayton
Sam Coon (H), Baker
( i\lrs. ) Edith Green ( D ), Portland
IJ arris Ellsworth ( R ), Roseburg
PENNSYLVANIA
SENATORS
James IT. Duff (H), Carnegie
Edward ~lartin ( H ), Washington
REPRESENTATIVES
William A. Barrett ( D ), Philadelphia
William T. Granahan ( D ), Philadelphia
James A. Byrne (D ), Philadelphia
Earl Chu doff ( D ), Philadelphia
William J. Grt'en, Jr. ( D ), Philadelphia
Hugh Scott (H), Philadelphia
Benjamin F. James ( R ), Rosemont
Karl C. King ( H ), :\ lorris"ille
Paul B. Dague (R), Downingtown
Joseph L. Carrigg ( H), Susquehanna
Daniel). Flood (D), Wilkes-Barre
lvor D. Fenton (H), :\ lahanoy City
Samuel K. ~ fcConnell, Jr. ( H. ), \Vynnewood
George ~I. Hhodes (D), Heading
Francis E. Walter ( D ), Easton
\ Va lter :\ 1. i\ lumma (H), Harrisburg
Alvin H. Bush (H.), \luncy, R.F.D. 2
Il.ichard :\1. Simpson ( R ), Huntingdon
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
DISTRICT
1
2
3
4
5
6
DISTRICT
1
2
3
4
DISTRICT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Page 15
James \I. Quigley ( D ), Highland Park
James E. \'an Zandt (R), Altoona
Augustine B. Kelley ( D ), Greensburg
John P. Saylor (R), Johnstown
Leon H. Gavin (R), Oil City
Carroll D. Kearns ( R ), Conneaut Lake
Frank \I. Clark ( D ), Bessemer
Thomas E. i\lorgan ( D), Fredericktown
James G. Fulton ( R ), Pittsburgh
Herman P. Eberharter ( D), Pittsburgh
Robert J. Corbett (R), Pittsburgh
RHODE ISLAND
SENATORS
Theodore Francis Green ( D), Providence
John 0. Pastore ( D), Providence
REPRES ENTATIVES
Aime J. Forand ( D ), Valley Falls
John E. Fogarty (D), Harmon~
SOUTH CAROLINA
SENATORS
Olin D. Johnston (D), Spartanburg
Strom Thurmond (D), Aiken
REPRESENTATIVES
L. \!endel Hivers (D). Charleston
John J. Riley (D), umter
\\-_ J. Bryan Dorn (D), Greenwood
Robert T. Ashmore ( D), Gree1wille
James P. Richards (D), Lancaster
John L. \[c\lillan. (D), Florence
SOUTH DAKOTA
SENATORS
Francis Case (R), Custer
Karl E. \Jundt (R), \ !adison
REPRESENTATIVES
Harold 0. Lovre ( R), Watertown
E. Y. Berry (R), \lcLaughlin
TENNESSEE
SENATORS
.-\lbert Gore ( D), Carthage
£.,tes Kefauver ( D), Chattanooga
REPRESENTATIVES
B. Carroll Reece (R}, Johnson City
How.ml IT. Baker (H}, H11ntsvillc
James B. Frazier, Jr. (D), Chattanooga
Joe L. E\ins (D), Smithville
J Percy Priest ( D), :\ asln ille
Hoss Bass ( D ), Pulaski
Tom \lurray ( D), Jackson
Jere Cooper ( D), Dyersburg
Clifford Davis ( D ), \lemphis
TEXAS
SENATORS
Price Daniel (D), Liberty
L~ nclon B. Johnson ( D), Johnson City
REPRESENTATIVES
\[,irtin Dies ( D ), Lufkin
\\right Patman ( D ), Te\arkana
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
DISTRICT
1
2
DISTRICT
1
2
3
4
5
6
DISTRICT
1
2
DISTRICT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
DISTRICT
At Large
1
Jack B. Brooks ( D ), Beaumont
Brady Gentry ( D), Tyler
Sam Rayburn (D), Bonham
Bruce Alger (R), Dallas
Oiin E. Teague ( D), College Station
John Dowdy (D), Athens
Albert Thomas ( D), IT ouston
Clark W. Thompson ( D ), Galveston
Homer Thornberry ( D ), Austin
W.R. Poage (D), Waco
James C. Wright, Jr. (D), Weatherford
Frank Ikard ( D), Wichita Falls
John J. Bell ( D ), C11ero
Joe \I. Kilgore ( D ), \1cAlk•n
J. T. Rutherford ( D ), Odessa
Omar Burleson ( D), Anson
Walter Rogers (D), Pampa
George H. \lahon (D), Lubbock
Paul J. Kilday ( D ), San Antonio
0. C. Fisher (D), San Angelo
UTAH
SENATORS
Wallace F. lknnett (R), Salt Lake City
Arthur\'. Watkins (H), Orem
REPRESENTATIVES
Henry Aldo11s Di,on ( H), Ogden
William A. Dawson (R), Salt Lake City
VERMONT
SENATORS
George D. Aiken (R), Putney
Halph E. Flanders (H), Springfield
REPRESENTATIVE
Winston L. Prouty (H), Kewport
VIRGINIA
SENATORS
Harry Flood Byrd ( D ), Berryville
A. Willis Robertson ( D), Le,ington
REPRESENTATIVES
Edward J. Robeson, Jr. ( D), Warwick
Porter Hardy, Jr. ( D), Churchland
J. Vaughan Gary (D), Hichmond
Watkins \I. Abbill ( D ), Appomattox
William ~I. Tuck ( D), South Boston
Richard JI. Poff ( H), Had ford
Burr P. Harrison (D), Winchester
Howard W. Smith (])), Broad Hun
W. Pat Jennings (D), ~tarion
Joel T. Broyhill ( H ), Arlington
WASHINGTON
SENATORS
Henry \I. Jackson (])),Everett
Warren G. \lagnuson (D), Seattle
REPRESENTATIVES
Don \Iagnuson ( D), Seattle
Thomas \I. Pelly (H), Seallle
Jack \Vest land ( H ), E\wett
Bussell V. \lad. (ll), lloq11iam
Hal Holmes ( H), Ellensburg
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
3
4
5
6
s
9
10
\Va
Th<
WEST
SEN AT
Wil
~!al
RE PRE ,
Rob
Har
Clci
~J.(
(~fr
Rob
W1sco
SE NAT;
Jose
Alex
REP RES
Law
Glen
Gare
Cl en
II cm
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
DIST~I~
1
2
3
4
5
6
s
9
10
\\,1lt Horan (R), Wenatchee
Thor C. Tollefson (R), Tacoma
WEST VIRGINIA
SENA TOR S
William R Laird, IIJ (D)
Matthew ,\1. Neely ( D ), Fairmont
REPRE S ENTATIVES
Robert II. ~fol Johan ( D ), Fairmont
Harley 0. Staggers (D), Keyser
Cleveland \I. Bailey ( D ), Clarksburg
M. G. Burnside ( D), Huntington
(\Irs.) Elizabeth Kee (D), Bluefit•ld
Robert C. Byrd (D), Sophia
W1sc0Ns1N
SENATORS
Joseph H. \IcCarthy ( R), Appleton
AlexandC'r Wiley (R), ChippC'wa Falls
REPRESENTATIVES
Lawrence II. Smith (R), Racine
Glenn R Davis (R), Waukesha
Gardner R. Withrow (R), La Crosse
Clement J. Zablocki (D), \Jilwaukee
Henry S. Reuss (D), ~Jilwaukcc
5
6
DISTRICT
1
2
3
4
5
6
DISTRICT
1
2
3
4
5
William K. Van Pelt ( R ), Fond du Lac
\IC'hin R. Laird (R), \Iarshficld
John\\'. Byrnes (R), Green Bay
Lester H. Johnson ( D ), Black Hivcr Falls
Alvin E. O'Konski ( H ), \Jercer
WYOMING
SENATORS
Frank t\. Barrett ( H ), Lusk
Joseph C. O'\lahoncy ( D ), Cheyenne
REPRESENTATI VE
E. Keith Thomson (H), Cheyenne
ALASKA
DELEGATE
E. L. (Bob) Bartlett ( D), Juneau
HAWAII
DELEGATE
~lrs. Joseph H. Farrington (H) , Honolulu
COMMONWEALTH OF PUERTO RICO
RESIDENT COMMISSIONER
Antonio F •rn6s-Isern ( Pop.-D), Santurce
6
7
8
9
10
DISTRICT
At Large
Committee Appointments
Standing Committees of the Senate
.\clllcuLTUilE AND FORESTRY, Allen J. Ellender, chainnan
'hP11or1UATIONS, Carl Hayden, chairman
~ll:J> EHVJCES, Richard B. Russell, chairman
D<\)>;kn\c AND Cull!lE:\CY, J. \V. Fulbright, chairman
F IS'riucr OF COLU'fBLA, ,\Jatthew \I. Neely, chairman
!I l\;,.;1;ct., Harry F. Byrd, chairman
~l\t.icN RELATIONS, \Valter F. George, chairman
I ~"llIBNT 0PEHATJO:\'S, John L. ~IcClellan, chairman
\ll:tuon AND hst.LAH AFFAIHS, James E. ~J urray, chair-ll'lan
l\"rt::no
. ··..,TATE Al\D Fo11E1CN COW\rEHCE, \Varren G. ~Iagnu-
)
son, chairman
L'l>tt I LARY, James 0. Eastland, chairman
;"'lion Al\D PUBLIC WELFARE, Lister Hill, chairman
Ost OnKF. AND Cn•1L SEIWICE, Olin D. Johnston, chairlllan
l\n
~ lie \VonKs, Dennis Chavez, chairman
~l.tsh A!\D AD'11'1STHATIO:\', Theodore Francis Green,
c airman
Sele
D~\tct and Special Committees of the Senate
c.h ~TIC Poucv CoM~UTIEE, Lyndon B. Johnson,
1 airman
'''t\
s~0 11lTy POLICY Co\l,ILTTLE, Styles Bridges, chairman
~1 ~ Co,nnrrrn ON s~lALL BUSl!\ESS, John J. parkman,
lu1rman
~ .... c
ts Fonnr Ni::w , ;).Jay, 1956
SPECIAL CO,l\!lTfEE ON TIIE SEXATE RECEPTION HOO:\!,
L) ndon B. Johnson, chairman
Standing Committees of the House
Acme LTllHE, Harold D. Cooley, chairman
APPHOPRJAT!ONS, Clarence Cannon, chairman
AnMED SrnvrcES, Carl Vinson, chairman
BANKING A:\D CuHHEN v, Brent Spence, chairman
D1sn11cr OF C0Lu:-m1A, John L. }.fc}.Jillan, chairman
EDUCATION Al\D LABOR, Graham A. Barden, chairman
FOllEICN AFFAms, James P. Richards, chairman
GovEn'l~!El\T 0PEllATIONS, \Villiam L. Dawson, chairman
IIousE An~I1!\JSTIL>\T10:-1, Omar Burleson, chairman
lNTEmon Al\D 11\SULAH AFFAIBS, Clair Engle, chairman
INTERSTATE A!\D Fo11F.LGN co,nmRCE, J. Percy Priest, chair-man
JuDrCJARY, Emanuel Cellcr, chairman
1E11c1IANT lAHI'E A!\D F1suEH1ES, Herbert C. Bonner,
chairman
PosT OFFICE AND C1v1L SEH\'JCE, Tom ~lurray, chairman
PUBLIC Wonxs, Charles A. Buckley, chairman
RuLES, Howard 'V. Smith, chairman
VN-AMEH!CAN Ac-rt\T11ES, Francis E. \Valter, chairman
VETEH.o\NS' AFFArns, Olin E. Teague, chairman
vVAYS AND !EA:-:S, Jere Cooper, chairman
Select and Special Committees of the House
SELECT CoM~IITTEE TO Co:-.Dvcr A STUDY AXD lNVESTIGA-Page
17
I . I
fs
ing
e
TIO'> OF THE PHOBLE:\!S OF S:>-!ALL Bcsr'>ESS, \\'right Patman,
chairman
SELECT Co:-.nnTTEE TO Co-.-oi:cT l'i\'EST!GATIO'> A'>D Sn•oy
OF BE:\EFITS 1•011 SUH\'l\'OIIS OF DECEASED :\[E:\!BEHS A'>D
Fo11:-.1rn :\IE:>-!BEllS OF THE AR:>-!ED FORCES, Porter Hanly,
Jr., chairman
SELECT Co;-.nnTTEE TO Coxoucr AN Ixn:STIGAT!ON AND
Sn;oy OF THE Fit'\A:\ClAL POSITION OF THE \VmTE
Cou:->TY BRIDGE Co;-.nnssrox, \Vinfield K. Denton, chairman
Congressional Joint Committees,
Commissions, and Boards
Xote: \Vhcrc no chairman, or a chairman other than a congress·
man, is listed, two congressional committeemen arc namc<l.
Co:-.nnssmx FOR ExTE:-.s1ox OF THE UxrrED STATES CAPITOL,
no chairman listed, Sam Rayburn, \Villiam F.
Know land
SENATE OFFICE BuILDL'iG Co:--1:-.ussm-.-, \Villiam A. Purtell,
chairman
Hol.'SE OFFICE BmLDr:-;c Co\n11ss10-.-, Sam Rayburn, chairman
}OL'>T Co:-.c:>-nTTEE o-. PRINTING, Carl Hayden, chairman
Jo1:-.T Co:-.nrITTEE ON ATo:-.uc ExEHGY, Clinton P. Anderson,
chairman
JorxT Co:-.n!ITTEE o-; CoxsTRt'CTIOX OF A Bl.'LLDI'>G FOH
:\kSEU:\l OF IIISTOHY AXD TECHNOLOGY FOR TllE S\lITIISO'i"
IAX hsTITl'T!Ox, no chairman listed, Clinton P.
Anderson, Clarence Cannon
JoixT Co:-.nIITTEE o:-. DEFENSE Pnooucrm->, Paul Brown,
chairman
]OL'iT Co:-.n11TTEE o-; Dt POSIT!OX OF ExECL'Tl\'E PAPEnS,
no chairman listed, Olin D. Johnston, George S. Long
jOL'>T Co:>-L\l!TTEE o-. THE Ec:o"o'uc Ri::ronT, Paul II.
Dougla , chairman
J01xT Co:-.n11TTEE o-.- hc,uGRATJON A:-.o .\'ATIO'iALlTY
PoucY, no chairman at present, James 0. Eastland,
Emanuel Cellcr
Jo1:\"T Co\r:>.IITTEE ox INTERNAL REVE'il.'E TAXATIO'>, Ilarrv
F. Byrd, chairman .
JoL'>T Co:>-1:\HTTEE os TUE LIBRARY, Theodore Francis
Green, chairman
JOL'>T CO:\l:\llTTEE ON NAVAJO-HOPI hDIA:\ AD\!l\:lSTRATIOX,
no chairman listed, Clinton P. Anderson, Clair
Engle
JorxT Co:-.c,rnTEE ON REDt'CT1ox OF Nox£SSE->TIAL FEDERAL
ExPE:\DlTUHES, Harry F. Byrd, chairman
BOAf\D OF VISITOHS TO THE :'llrLITARY ACAOE\lY, no chairman
listed, Lister Hill, Olin E. Teague
Bo.IBO OF \'1s1TORS TO TIIE NAVAL AcADE\lY, no chairman
listed, Dennis Chavez, \\!illiam H. Natcher
BoARo OF \'1sITons TO THE COAST GUARD AcADl\lY, no
chairman listed, John 0. Pastore, Edward A. Garmatz
BOARD Ok- \'rsJTORS TO TUE :\(ERCI!ANT ~(ARI'iE _\CADL\!Y,
no chairman listed, Sam J. Ervin, Jr., Frank \V. Boykin
ALEXA'i"DER IIA:>-llLT0'1 BICEXTE'i"NIAL CO\l\CISSIO\:, Karl
E. :\lundt, chairman
BosTO'i" NATIOXAL IltsT0111c SnEs Co:-.nuss10->, ~lark
Bortman of Massachusetts, chairman, Leverett Saltonstall,
Thomas P. O'P.'eill, Jr.
CoRREGIDOH-BATAAN :\IE\IOR!AL Co:-.nnssro:-;, no chairman
listed, Alexander Wiley, James E. Van Zandt
Page 18
D1STIU(T OF COLU'\!lllA At'DlTOllll\I CO:\l\IISSIO'>, :\Ii'!'·
Eugene :\!eyer of \Vashington, D. C., chairman, :\Jat·
thew \!. Neely, James JI. \lorrison
F11A:\"KLIN DELANO RoosEYELT :'llE:...1omAL Co,nussiox, nr
chairman listed, Irving :\I. Jves, john \V. i\lcCormack
J A:\IESTOWN-\V1LLIA:\ISBunc-Yom.:Tow" CELEBRA noN Co,r·
1nssroN, Robert V. Hatcher of H.ichmond, Va., chair·
man, Harry F. Byrd, Edward J. H.obeson, Jr.
i\IARI'i"E CORPS ME:-!OHIAL COM\l!SSION, Joseph Dn.lc
Probst of 3502 . Wilton Ave., Chicago 13, Ill., chair·
man, no congressmen
:\lrcRATORY Brno Co1'SEH\'AT!O\: Co\t\uss10._., Douglas ~ (C"
Kay, Secretary of the Interior, chairman, A. Willis Robertson,
August I-I. Andresen
NATIONAL IONU:\IE:-IT CO\l,IISS!O'>, Spencer T. Olin or
Jllinois, chairman, W. Kerr Scott, Howard \V. Smith
NATIO\:AL FOREST RESEIWATIO'> Co\l:\lISSIO:-., \Vilber \!
Brucker, Secretar> of the Army, president, Style
Bridges, William 1. Colmer
PER\IANENT CoMMITTEl' FOii THE OuvER \VENDfi
II001ES DEVISE Ful'.o, L. Quincy :\lumford, Librariai
of Congress, chairman, no eongn•ssmcn listed at prcse11
THE hTERPARLIA'.\IENTARY Ux10,, Daniel A. Recd, pre>'
dent
THEODORE RoosEvELT CE'i"TE'>'>IAL Co'r'ussroN, no chair
man listed, Karl E. fondt, Leo \V. O'Brien
l:xITED STATES TE1IB!TOHIAL ExPA\:SIO\: ~IE:>-!OnIAL Co'1
'\lISSrox, Alben \V. Barkle;, chairman
\Vooonow \VILSO:-.i CEYlF\:'\IAL CEumnATJ0'1 Co'I'fi'
sm:-., i\laj. Gen. E. Walton Opie of P. 0. Box 59, Stnt111
ton, Va., chairman, A. \Villiam Hohertson, Burr P. Jl•11
rison
Co,nussro" o-; GovEn\:\lL:\"r SEcL HITY, no chair111:
listed, John Stennis, Francis E. \\'alter
Note: Additional information is giH'n below to facilit,1tc >°'
ldtcr-writing to Washington. Letters to nwmbers of the Cabind ~C.
Supreme Court may be addressed to them, \Vashington 25, D·
THE CABINET
SPcretary of State ................... john Foster D11llt
Secretary of the Treasury ......... George i\I. Ilumphrt
B
R
cc
U1
C1
pr
p
Secretary of Defense ................ Charles E. \Vil>'' '
Attorney General .................. Herbert Brownell. J; ~
Postmaster General .............. Arthur E. Sumrnerft~ J
0 Pacts F
Secretary of the Interior ................ Douglas Mel'· .. p .. ·l
II I d 1" Secretary of Agriculture' ............... Ezra Taft Bell·,. fr. Brada'~
Secretary of Commerce .................. Sinclair \ \' c·C ' '" ''rcu·w· f acts
Secretary of Labor .................... James P. :'llitcli• '*v~ng. ~o
. . if f )Olllt
SC'cretary of Health, Education, °' f, [its J or
and Welfare ....................... i\larion B. fols ~1ed to h~
SUPREME COURT
Chief J usticc ............................. Earl \V:irl"
Associates Justices:
Hugo L. Black
Stanley F. Heed
Felix Frankfurter
William 0. Douglas
Harold II. Burton
Tom C. Clark
Sherman Minton
John ~!. Harlan
FACTS FonL :-.c 'Ews, ,\fay, ici
1/llJinunist
%)l k'I a J,"
.. 1/ada w
stope, Mt
"alf for t
~~ ~apidly
~ 1n a mi1
'l' the usu:
i.5pt'riod. l
f.11Ji • hecaw
\lo he gI
· full ch
>10:-., ~I r"
man, ~ l at·
l!SSIO'-', 111
lcConnacl
no'I cm1·
Va., chair· ,
eph Dale ---------~---~----------
111., chair·
lllglas ~[c
Villis Rob
r. Olin
\V.,;r;DE ~
Librari•10
at prcseP
eccl, pres•
\
, no chair·
UAL Co''
Both affirmative and negative viewpoints on this question were presented in a series of articles on
Radio Free Europe appearing in the January, February, and March issues of Facts Forum News.
Co~I \ fl'
59 St•u111
IT 'p. J}<ll
With "Truth Dollars" being collected at post office windows throughout the United States toward
financing these broadcasts, it behooves every thinking American to determine whether this question
can be answered by a resounding Y E S !
: ilitate >011
Cabinet"(;
1 25, D·
Upon publication of Jiri (George) Brada's critical view of Radio Free Europe, and "Melting the Iron
Curtain" (Radio Free Europe's own story), letters of both approval and protest ensued which are here
presented for our readers' evaluation.
ter Dolle
:Jurnphr<
E. WilsO
Presic/ent of Free Europe Committee
Protests RFE Criticism
owne!l.l1
mme1 ·fie•l I fo F•a cts Forum Neics:
as r-.fc/;· . I' I I · · l'r iap · I can best comment on
tft Bc01'i r Brada's article by first mentioning
air \ \'Cl' "lir~~ facts about the author who, ac>
i\fitch• ~. 1ng to your introducto1y notes,
·
1
1t[·.cr joined the Tazi party nor any
1 ~ s 1ts) organizations," and who "re-
B. fo 1
r 0 eQ to lwcome an informer for the
Io lllll'lunist government [of CzechoVakia]
."
1rton
1ton
Jan
~11llrada was hired hy Radio Free
s~0Pc, Munich, in ~lay, 1951, when
~ alf for the new opera tion was he,
g ~apidly assembled. He was given a
~ 1n a minor capacity in the library,
iv the. usual three-month prohationi)
Period. Ile was discharged in July,
irril, because his superiors considered
.\to be grossly inefficient.
. full check of Brada's record re~
!l ay, lg; ~'-r s F•0 1n·,1 '\ Fws, 'l'<fay, 1956
veall'd that he had hcen a leader of a
'\lazi youth organization in Czl'choslovakia,
and had attended a university
which our information indicated was
rcstrictc•d to azi collaborators.
For eight months following the
Communist seizure of Czcchosl<l\·akia
in February, 1948, Brnda had remainPd
in that country. By his own
admission, he t\vice signed a contract
to be an agent for the Communist
S<'cret police. After leaving Czechoslovakia
for Austria, in October, l 918, he
joined "The Central Union of Czechoslovak
Students in Exile." Brada was
expelled from this organization of
patriotic, anti-Communist students
after a trial, at which he admitted his
Nazi and Communist affi liations cited
aboYe. Brada later became a paid
worker for the "Prchala Youth \lo\·cmcnt,"
which ad\Ocatcs the dissolution
of the national Czechoslovak
state.
I have gone briefly into Brada's
background because the credibility of
a writer usually has a definite heai·in!.(
on the crcdihilitv of his \\'Ork. In this
connection, look again at the statcnwnt,
in your published notes about
Bracht, that he dcli,·cred '\"·om testimony"
for the Kersten Committee on
June 28, 1954. In this te timonv, mu
state, Brada charged that Radio Free
Europe is pa1t of "the center of the
Communist world conspiracy."
The fact is that there• is no record of
anv "sworn testimony" having been
d<•li\·ered by Brada in June, 1951, or at
any other time before the Select Committee
on Communi'>t Aggr<'ssion,
headed by former Congressman
Charles J. Kersten of \Viseonsin. The
official reports of the Kersten Committee
list the forh·-fln' "itnesses \\ho
testified puhlid~; at the \ funich hearings
of the Committee in Jmw, 19.5-1.
Page 19
fs
ing
e
READERS' VIEWS
As a former Czech journalist I wish to
add a few words to the just concluded
series about Radio Free Europe written
for Facts Forum News by G<•orge Brada
from Germany. In the last of the three
articles '.\Ir. Bracla mentions my name as
one of those who represent the young
Czech anti-Communist generation in
exile.
I want to go on record right lwre and
now to say that R.1clio Frc·c Europe's
Czechoslo,·ak desk (I am not familiar with
the other sections) is a compl<"tc disgrace',
for the people who are in it ... represent
nothing else but a Socialist front.
They were the men who toge·tlwr with
the Communists e·nslavcd once-free
Czechoslornkia. They are the ones who
hope to replace one• clay the Communist
terror with one of tlwir own make, that
of peoples' democratic Socialist terror.
It is a disgrace that this kind of propagancl.
1 is presented to the unfortunate victims
of the Socialist-Communist ronspiracy
in the name of the free United States
of America ....
RFE is an e\cdlent idea hy itsc•Jf. But
right now, the only ones profiting from its
programs arc the Communists them'<:
kcs ...
Jmr ITAVFl.K'
Bc•m·yn, Jllinois
.... '.\fay I say that we• in Germ;1ny
do1im to have some <'xpcriC'nC'C' in this
matter, ha,·ing followed the ckH·lopment
of Radio Frc•c Europe sincc• its inec·ption
in HJ.50. I do not agrc•e with all \Ir. Bracla
h.1s said concerning this radio station,
especially that R,1dio Free Europe and
some of the affiliated sc·n·ices arc part of
the Communist world conspiraey. The
tn1th is pc·rhafs a little hit more simple
or complicakc, how('\'('T you may take it.
I would like• to presC'nt ... a few brief
statements which Radio Free Europe cannot
dl•nv:
( l) RFE helie,·es in fighting Communi't
th<'oriC's with \'<'TY similar Socblist
doc:trinC'S.
( 2) RFE helic·ws in tackling Soviet
Russian imperialism hy supporting:
Titoist National-Bolshevists in the
satellite countries.
( :3) RFE believes that in this way the
satellite countries will one clay
form a new Titoist bloc and from
there the cle,·elopment of a new
peoples' front, and ultimately free
elections will result.
This is the poliey of RFE, and I would
nc•\·(·r «I}' that the [Free Europe• Committee]
therefore knocdngly and tdllingly
~ives support to world communism. But
the trnth is that such a policy is absolutdv
in line with cO<'xistc-ncC' as \Iosco\\'
am!' Belgrade ha,·c planned it to lull the
western powers into a fals~ feeling of
sc·cnrity. Leftist intellectuals everywhere•
helieYC earnestly in this coe,istencc and
in a nC'w sodali7e•cl world of p<•acc and
mutual understanding. . . This earnest
belief exists in RFE, too ....
I would venture to sar that the millions
of dollars being pourec into Radio Frc•e
Europe arc wasted as long as that organization
continues on this leftist c'Onrse. CoC'xistencc
will never achie\'C the goal the
\\'est desires. Today the only alkrnath·e
c.in he to prepare the tntly anti-leftist
Page 20
DOES RADIO FREE EUROPE PRO
Brada's name docs not appear on the
list.
Furthermore, conb·ary to Brada's
statement that the Kersten Committee
"put this sham psychological warfare
of RFE in the proper light" (note your
page 16), the Kersten Committee
reached the Following conclusions in
its official findings (House Report
2684) dated December 31, 1954:
"That the t.:nited States Information
Agency (\'oice of America)
and the Committee for Free Europe
(Radio Free Europe) are
effective in the fight against communism.
They reach the peoples
behind the Iron Curtain with the
truth concerning the policies and
actions of the free world, and also
reveal the lies. distortions, and
treachery put forth by the Communists.
"That in the struggle of freedom
versus slavery our broadcasting
media and information programs,
including the Voice of America and
Radio Free Europe and such others
as may originate in the United
States, arc descrYing of much wider
support from the public, the
foundations. and from Congress."
Ilccausc Radio Free Europe recog-nizes
the clements of East European
countries on the same basis as docs
the U. S. government, and refuses to
become involved in the ideological
and territorial disputes of certain refugee
groups, it has been subject to constant
vitriolic attacks bv dissident
political factions. principally the Sudeten
Deutsch and Slovak Separatist~.
(\Ir. Brach has been affiliated with
elements of both these groups.) othing
would scrYe the Communists better
than to have Radio Free Europe
become involved in the disputes of
minority ethnic groups and thus dissipate
energies ncC'dC'd in working
toward the goal of frC'edom for the
captive peoples.
It is not my intC'ntion to reply to
Brada's charges point by point. I will,
instead, state some of the basic facts
and policies of Radio Free Europe as
they relate to the article. Thev will, I
trust, together with what I have already
written, place \Ir. Ilrada's allegations
in perspective.
The policy of Radio Free Europe is,
and has always bC'cn, to support thC'
captive peoples behind the Iron Curtain
in their efforts to regain thC'ir
frC'edom. In pursuing this policy -
which is a positive expression of the
official policy of the United States government
- Radio Free Europe advocates
that thC' capti,·c peoples have
the right to choose their own form of
government under free and democratic
elections.
In addressing the captive people·
RFE must speak in terms they wiil
understand. The countries of EastrrI1
Europe have never known capitalisn
as it exists in the U. S. What they c;1ll
"capitalism" is not what we know a'
capitalism. 1illions of former Sochll
Democrats still live in these countric'·
especially in Czechoslovakia. In i~
endeavor to weaken and clisrnpt Co!J1·
munist control in these countriC'
Radio Free Europe talks to all th
people. Indeed, Haclio Free Eurojl'
addresses many of its programs to th•
Communists - programs designed I<'
weaken the Communist regimes, no!
help them.
Excerpts of RFE scripts arc .of
course misleading when they arc J111'
quoted and taken out of context, '~
Mr. Brada has done in Facts Forll'
News. An example of misrepresent•
tion by the usC' of this dcvicC' is Brad••.
excerpt from Ferdinand Peroutka
May 3, 195.1, script. The actual wor0
ing of this same script is attach•
hereto. A full reading of Pcrm1tk"
words makes clear, I believe, what I
was trying to get across to his )ist~·I"
crs: the contrast between the gcni11n
sense of social responsibility of .11,
UnitC'd States, and the Communist I
disrC'gard of human welfare.
A few sentences on FerdinnO
PC'routka, head of Radio Free Euro!J<
Czechoslovak desk, who is singled 01
by Mr. Ilrada for special attack, "
pc•rhaps suffice: . ·c
Pc•routka, a Catholic and poli11 i• j
independent, was never a Commun 1
or a pro-Communist. He was an °11
standing political writer and jottrI~~
ist who lived through six years of
1
1
,,
prisonmC'nt hy the azis in Bu~ 1{1
wald. He flpd from CzC'choslovak1n 1
his life immC'diately after thC' Corl1111
nist coup in February, 1948. C
No exile from bd1ind the Iron :~
tain is attacked more intC'nscly b)lt ·
Communists than Peroutka; hare ~r
day passes without the Comm11;;,
radio and press pouring out invcc .~
against him. Recently thC' CzC'ch?'
vak newspaper, Mlada Frorita, .~)~,
typical attack on him, stated:. f•
cannot return to CzcchoslovakH1j f<
you will hC' tried and execute£
high treason I" ..
0
i
The primary source of oppos1t10 Ii
Radio Free Europe is in the Krcf~i
Las~ October, at the Foreign.~ f•
tcrs confC'rC'ncc in Geneva, Sovicf 0
cign MinistC'r Molotov single£ ,
Radio Free Europe for his most i<:
lent invccti\'C'. ''The scum of socii"
cast out by thC' People's' Dcmocn1c
FACTS Font''r '1ws, Hay. lq
--
that
scribe t
Work fr
On B
Soviet
Persona
hower f
hroadca
hind th<
irnrnecli:
nist pre~
In the
Cernbcr
lllade or
lllunist "
There
this viol
clcnunci:
Free Eu
Fo/101
eluded 1
fer:
ROPE PROMOTE THE CAUSE OF FREEDOM?
nd demo- I
c people'·
they will
of Easten1
capitalisn
.t they c;1l
e know O'
ner SociJ1
countrie;.
ja, In il'
rupt C~fll·
countrJC'·
to all tl11
'e Europi
ams to tl11
signed ''
gimcs, not
ts arc of
iy arc mi;·
~o ntext, "
els Forl1~
·eprcsent"
•is Bn1d".
>eroutk0 •
tual wor'
; attacht
Pcroutk·1
e what!
l1is )istr~
1c genui0
ity of th
)mmunisl' !
':Ferdinon
·e EuroJi<· I ;ing!ed 0'
.ttack, ''
d politi
:om01t1111·
·as an °111
ad joufl~~ I
>ars of 1
~ Buch""
lovakio 1'
e Co11'1°11
L c11
Iron 'r
, 1 hV 1
·~ fiar~tl)
~ornro111~
t in,•ccti,
Czech?'
111 ontn, ")°
1ted:. f1
wak1•1· f<
_cutrd
PositioOI.
J( J11 I
e rcp1'
ign J\ fl )ovict
nglcd
most ~.
0CI' of s i•'
rnocr•1c
,\/111/· 1~
- that was .\Iolotov's phrase to describe
the anti-Communist exiles who
IVork for Radio Free Europe.
On December 31, 195.5, another top
Soviet leader, Khrushchev, made a
hersonal attack on President Eisenhower
for his Christmas Day message
~oadcast by Radio Free Europ he?
ind the Iron Curtain. The attack was
1~mediately echoed by the Communist
press and radio around the world.
In the nineteen months ending December
31, 1955, the Soviet Union
rnade or inspired a total of l,826 Comrnunist
attacks on Radio Free Europe.
There can be onlv one reason for
this Yiolent Commui1ist campaign of
denunciation: to try to dcstrov Hadio
Free Europe. ·
\VlflT"\EY IT. S1rnPARDSON
Presicll'nt
Free Europe Co111111iltee, Inc.
Following is the enclosure included
with Mr. Shepardson's letter:
\'Excerpt appearing in Facts Fornm
· r1vs, Januar\', 1956:
p \Jay 3, 19S:3, 12: 15 p.m.: Ferdinand
d~routka, chid of HFE's Czed1oslovak
. <sk tn New York, a well-known Sodalist
~nd one-time prominent llll'mber of the .. S0~Comnmnist \ rational Front, in his
k)!~~l:•Y Commc~ts of Ferdinand Perouth
· Eisenhower s program, on the other
hand, c·\·C'n though America's faetori<.'s
,~vc not hem nationalizC'd, stands for the
I .~""Pt of world socialism. There is no
~ tcr way to dt·scribc it. This is socialism. ih',: The. aim of the program ~utlined by
• . Pres1cl<'nt of the United St.1tt's is to 'J' ~·1alize life."
tlha Czech language, like English, inrra11
es many words that have two or
,0°.re meanings. The Czech word
lishiafism (same spPlling as the Engiusr
Word) can refer to: ( l) social
10 •
1cc (based on the Czech adjective
tfi?lalni), which Peroutka advocates in
'()~~ ~nd other scripts; ( 2) Manist
!iv ahsm (based on the Czech adjec~
I·e ~Ocia/isticky ), which Peroutka exl(:~
citly attacks in this and other
1-itSts· If Brada had not eliminated
Ifie Jassagcs, Peroutka's meaning of
hav zech word socialism would
ilia e ~ade clear what he was talking
<if ~t m his broadcast to the pPople
II 7.ecJ.1oslovakia.
J:'tp ere 1s the full passage from Radio
l!J.5,) Europe script #9969, :\lay 3,
, 12:15 p.m.:
Of the. <'.ommunists n('\'('I' ceaSP spmking
11r ~1 ~~li~m. of sodalism in on(_• eountry,
ittniJ<>c1ahsm in SC'\:eraJ countries, and
g 't .st all thl'Sl' spl'edws the pl'oples' liws
OfJ ~\.er more mist•rahle. Eisenhower pro,.,.
k · lns!(·ad of .tlw .'li'.idt•d ~vorld whil'h
f r lO\V and wh1d1 IS Jivmg tn a state of
' t-l us t:r<·at(• a unified \\'Orld it can
!-'~, '
'ts Font" '\1ws. '1ay, 19.56
hP clone and that world could then live
securely.
The better endowed nations should dcn>
tc the better part of their sa' 111gs to the
assistance of those worst' off; let us "'panel
the production possibilities of nations that
cannot keep abreast of ns; let ns dcdare
war, not upon one anolllt'r, hut ratlwr on
pov<'rly, ignorance, and backwardness, k•t
us de,·elop a system of muh11.tl assistanc.·e.
All right, then, since "socialism" is tilt'
topie, lt•t us speak of "socialism." Althongh
the factories in Hussia haw ht•en nationalizl'cl,
the Russian policy sl;tnds for t·onsummatc
egotism of one country and of
ont• caste. Eisenhower's program, on thC"
other hand, although tlw factories in
America have not hcen nationaliz<"cl, stands
for tlw concept of "world socialism." It
cannot be fonnulatcd otlwrwisc or better.
This is .. socialism," insofar as "soda/ism"
means something more than a fi~ht ,
insofar as it memlS the awareness of a
11111t11al fate, the awareness of thr fact that
all nations are i11terdcpc,ulcnf, that mic is
rrsponsible for the other, that it is iruleccnt
not to help, that it is insidious to
opprrss - in the interest of thr fight for
power- and to deny people tlie gifts of
lift'.
The Russians socialize their factories;
the Pn•sident of the United States preS<•nt<'
d a program, the aim of which is to
"soC'ialin•" life. It is possible to follow
eitlwr one or the other program. Don't
lwlp forge the manacles which will clasp
shut around your own wrists. Nights,
write on the wall: Co home, Russians. Do
for yourseJvps what the President of the
Unitpd States did for you.
Mr . Shepardson had these
further remarks to make:
.... We have now read i\Ir. Brada's
second and third installments. There
is nothin~ in these new articles which
changes the unfavorable opinion we
previously expressed concerning his
motives, his credibility, and his misuse
of material.
At this moment, in February, 1956,
when the work of this organization is
being violently attacked daily by the
Communist press and over the Communist
radio in i\Ioscow, \Varsaw,
Prague, Budapest, Bucharest, Sofia,
and Tirana, it is ironical to read again
the wild assertion attributed to Brada
on the first page of the first (January)
article: "The center of the Communist
world conspiracy seems thus to be situated
now in the \Vest in ... Hadio
Free Europe ... the Crusade for Freedom,
and Free Europe, Inc."
The center of the Communist world
conspiracy is in Moscow. The Communist
governments of the satellite
states arc in this conspiracy. It is
against them that the whole work of
Hadio Free Europe, the Crusade for
Freedom, and Free Europe, Inc., is
directed. It is effective, and we shall
continue it.
\VlllT'\"EY H. SHEPARDSO
(Cn11ti1111cd 011 next 1"'f!.l')
READERS' VIEWS
forces for the time when the coexistence
policy fails and the \\'est has to make the
decisions so long l'Vaded. Let us hopl'
that this time it will not be too late.
Dn. HuooLF J Jiu-, Gen. Secy.
Czed1-Sudet<'n German F,.dcral
Commitl('<.'
~lunkh, Germany
As a refugee from Czed1oslo\i1kia, who
came to the United Stall's nearly "'' m
) ears ago under the Displaced Persons
Act, I ha,·e been , ·cry mueh thrilled h)
the Hadio Free Europe [artidt's] by Jiri
Brada ... I wish to ('Ongratulate you on
the fact that you art' the first American
periodical with enough courag(' to publish
this kind of story. Scores of indi\icluals
and refugee organizations of Czechs
and Slovaks for years lul\c tried in Yain
to warn and inform the AmC'rican public
about the true face of HFE ....
I am not saying th.it ~Ir. Slwpardson
and some of his colleagues in the RFE
are knowingly committing a crime against
Americanism, but I am saying that hy
being misinformed and misled, they arc
NOT fighting communism at ,di, but arc
stooges of the Socialists, indirect collaborators
of communism, t•ncmi<•s of the
millions behind the lron Curtain, ;ind
thus enemies of freedom ....
SO:'o;JA RYSA \'A
Berwyn, lllinois
. . .. I sat with the people emplo)wl
now hy HFE in the parliament in Prague,
and am fully informed of their allegiance
to the Communist cause . ...
Though I agree in gcn~ral with the
criticism by ~Ir. Bracla, I stilt think him
to be too lenient in this respect. The sooften-
pro,·ed links between HFE on one
sidC' and the Communist C'Spiomlg:e on
1he other arc somehow missing out of \Ir
Brada's article.
Dn. ~hc11AE1. Zm1m1
Former \lt•mber of CzechoslO\ ak
Parliament
Chicago, lllinois
~Iv pNsonal eongr;1tulations anti
my thanks for your meritorious and objective
action: for the revelation of the
true face of H.idio Free Europe and the
so-called Crusade for Freedom. You ha,·e
done a great senice not only to the enslaved
peoples behind the Iron Curtain,
hut abo,·e all also to vour heroic American
people, who earr) in the free \\'e,t
tlw main burden of the anti-Cornmunist
fight.
[I write] not only in my own name,
as \ 'ice President of The '\'ational Committee
for Liberation of lon1kia, ... but
also in the name of many democratic:,
anti-Communist Slovak rt•fugces. Your
artides by Jiri Brada fully hit the true,
unfalsified substanct• of HFE. \\'e, who
arc following the broadcasts of Haclio
Free Europe for our enslaved lornk nation
every day, WC'rc until now able only
to watch helplessly how, under the American
Crusade for Freedom, our people
have been taught systtomatil'ally pro-Communist
tcnden ics. \\'e h~n·c bf'(.'n watching
how, sponsored hy a small circle ?f
American citizens, the former Commumst
collaborators, ag<.•nts, and pro-Commu-
Page 21
READERS' VIEWS
nists arc cbily poisoning spiritually our
cnsl4l\·t·<l nation.
. . . . Brada has pomtt-d out the Red
shadows in RFE openly and he has informed
the American public on the basis
of de,ir proofs about the fact that under
the formally anti-Communist theater of
Radio Free Europe arc being nurtured
Reel outfits. \\'e arc ready to supply you
with tens and tens of evidence-documents.
DR. Sru•As C. LUK.ATS, Vice Pres.
.\"ation.1! Committee for Liberation
of Slovakia, Washington, D. C.
In the biographical skdch of \Ir. Jiri
Brada in the J,rnuary, l!).56, issue of Facts
z:orum Seu.:s on page 10 there appears
the following information: "Unlike many
other Czechoslovaks of his age, he never
joined the .\";1zi party •.. "
This is rather a serious indictment of
the Czcd1oslovak youth, isn't it?
\\'hen the l\azis invaded Czcchoslo\'
akia, \Ir. Brada was some sh.teen years
old, and at their ddcat a little over
twenty-two. Just what reliable proof do
we ha'c to justify the insinuation that
young Czechoslovaks apparently indulged
in joining the '\azi party? Don't we owe
the Czechoslo' ,1k p<·ople an apology for
such a statement?
C1uc E W. Fox ( \lus. Jom< P.)
\laplcwoocl, .\"cw Jer |
